【摘要】 在全球应对气候变化和“双碳”目标的紧迫背景下,预制构件作为装配式建筑低碳转型的核心,其生产过程中的工期、成本、质量与碳排放多目标冲突日益突出,亟须高效优化方法,以提升预制构件的管理水平和促进其可持续发展。鉴于此,构建预制构件生产多目标优化模型,以实现工期、成本、质量和碳排放的平衡。通过文献收集与实地调研明确各目标要素,分别建立预制构件生产流程“工期-成本-质量-碳排放”子模型,运用层次分析法确定权重,采用蚁群算法对模型求解,并验证最优解的有效性进行,同时开展蚁群算法与第二代遗传算法对比分析。结果显示,对叠合底板生产这类强调快速响应、频繁重算的工程场景而言,蚁群算法能以更低计算成本、更快得到稳定可用的优化方案,具有更强的在线决策价值。研究旨在为预制构件生产提供兼顾低碳与效率的决策工具,研究对推动建筑行业低碳转型具有重要的理论价值和实践指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Against the urgent backdrop of global climate change and the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals,prefabricated components, as the core of the low-carbon transformation of prefabricated buildings, face increasingly prominent multi-objective conflicts in their production processes regarding schedule, cost, quality, and carbon emissions. There is an urgent need for efficient optimization methods to enhance management standards and promote sustainable development. To address this, a multi-objective optimization model for prefabricated component production has been developed to achieve a balanced trade-off among schedule, cost, quality, and carbon emissions. Through literature collection and field research, the various target elements are clarified, and sub-models for “schedule-cost-quality-carbon emission” in the prefabricated component production process are established. The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was used to determine weights, while the Ant Colony Optimization(ACO) algorithm was applied to solve the model and validate the effectiveness of optimal solutions. A comparative analysis between ACO and the second-generation Genetic Algorithm was also conducted. Results show that for engineering scenarios such as composite base slab production, which require rapid response and frequent recalculations, ACO delivers stable and usable optimized solutions at lower computational cost and faster speed, demonstrating superior value for real-time decision-making. This research aims to provide a decision-support tool that integrates low-carbon performance with operational efficiency for prefabricated component production, offering significant theoretical insights and practical guidance for advancing the low-carbon transition in the construction industry.更多还原