【摘要】 针对柑橘园长期施用化肥导致土壤退化、畜禽养殖废弃物引发环境污染的双重问题，为构建“橘-草-牧”生态循环模式、实现农业废弃物资源化利用，本研究系统综述柑橘生草栽培模式的生物配置技术、养殖废弃物消纳潜力及生态与生产效应。结果表明：柑橘生草栽培的适宜草种需按树龄与季节适配，幼龄橘园宜选喜光高产型牧草（如花生、黑麦草），成年橘园优先耐阴矮生型牧草（如白三叶草、百喜草），时空配置需优化播种期与刈割频率（黑麦草秋播适宜，年刈割3～4次）；柑橘与牧草需肥特性差异显著，不同产量柑橘园对牛粪消纳量9.62～24.04 t/hm~2、猪粪6.58～16.45 t/hm~2，黑麦草对猪粪、牛粪消纳量分别为9.21 t/hm~2、13.4 t/hm~2；该模式可显著改良土壤（降低容重17.26%、提升有机质39.6%），促进柑橘与牧草生长，柑橘产量最高增幅19.5%，果实可溶性固形物含量从101.1 g/kg提高到108.7 g/kg，提升7.6%。综上所述，柑橘生草栽培模式通过科学生物配置，可高效消纳养殖废弃物，同步实现土壤改良与产量品质提升，是兼顾生态与经济效益的循环农业模式。本研究为“橘-草-牧”模式推广提供了理论支撑，未来需聚焦区域适配性、长期施用风险及技术规范制定开展深入研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 To address the dual challenges of soil degradation caused by long-term chemical fertilizer application in citrus orchards and livestock and poultry waste pollution, this study systematically reviews the biological configuration technologies of grass cultivation in citrus orchards, the assimilation potential of aquaculture waste, and the ecological and productive effects, aiming to construct an " citrus-grass-livestock" ecological recycling model and achieve resource utilization of agricultural waste. The results indicate that:(1)suitable grass species for citrus intercropping should be adapted according to tree age and season; young orchards are suitable for light-loving and high-yield forage grasses(e.g., peanut, ryegrass), while mature orchards prioritize shade-tolerant and dwarf forage grasses(e.g., white clover, bahiagrass); spatiotemporal configuration requires optimization of sowing dates and mowing frequency(ryegrass is suitable for autumn sowing, with 3–4 mowings annually).(2) Significant differences exist in nutrient requirements between citrus and forage grasses; citrus orchards of varying yields can assimilate cattle manure at 9.62–24.04 t/hm2 and pig manure at 6.58–16.45t/hm2,whileryegrassdemonstratesassimilationcapacitiesof 9.21 t/hm2 forpigmanureand13.4 t/hm2 for cattle manure.(3) This model significantly improves soil properties(reducing bulk density by17.26% and increasing organic matter by 39.6%), promotes growth of both citrus and forage grasses, with maximum citrus yield increase of 19.5%, and elevates fruit soluble solids content from 101.1 g/kg to 108.7 g/kg(a 7.6% improvement). In conclusion, the citrus grass cultivation model, through scientific biological configuration, efficiently assimilates livestock waste while simultaneously achieving soil improvement and yieldquality enhancement, representing a circular agriculture model that balances ecological and economic benefits.This study provides theoretical support for the promotion of the "citrus-grass-livestock" model; future research should focus on regional adaptability, long-term application risks, and the establishment of technical standards.更多还原