【摘要】 目的 分析新诊断2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者不同年龄段的临床特点。方法 选取2015年1月至2025年12月于新疆医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科住院的新诊断T2DM患者1285例，按年龄分为青年组（18-44岁）、中年组（45-59岁）和老年组（≥60岁），比较各组临床资料，分析年龄与各项指标的相关性及糖尿病并发症的危险因素。结果（1）青年组血脂异常、酮症比例及BMI、FBG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TG水平最高（P<0.01），多用GLP-1 RA及SGLT-2i治疗；中年组动脉硬化检出率最高（P<0.01）；老年组动脉斑块、DPN、NPDR、高血压、冠心病比例最高（P<0.01），多用DPP-4i。（2）年龄与动脉斑块、DPN、NPDR、高血压、冠心病呈正相关（r=0.456、0.231、0.150、0.259、0.255,P<0.01）；与酮症、血脂异常、BMI、HbA1c呈负相关（r=-0.200、-0.125、-0.228、-0.138,P<0.01）。（3）回归分析提示，年龄是酮症、DPN、NPDR的共同危险因素（OR=0.956、1.054、1.030,P<0.01）。结论 不同年龄新诊断T2DM患者临床异质性显著：青年以胰岛素抵抗和代谢紊乱为主，中年处于血管病变的过渡阶段，老年血管并发症高发。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM)patients in different age groups.MethodsA total of 1285 newly diagnosed T2 DM patients hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2015 to December 2025 were selected. The patients were divided into young group(18-44 years old), middle-aged group(45-59 years old), and elderly group（≥60 years old）. We compared the clinical data of each group, and analyzed the correlation between age and various indexes as well as the risk factors of diabetic complications.Results(1)The young group exhibited the highest proportions of dyslipidemia, ketosis, as well as the highest levels of BMI, FBG,HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and TG(P<0.01); GLP-1 RA and SGLT-2i were usually selected for treatment. The middle-aged group had the highest detection rate of atherosclerosis(P<0.01). The elderly group showed the highest proportions of macroarterial plaque, DPN, NPDR, hypertension and coronary heart disease(P<0.01); DPP-4i was commonly used for treatment.(2)Age was positively associated with atherosclerotic plaques, DPN, NPDR, hypertension and coronary heart disease(r= 0.456, 0.231, 0.150, 0.259, 0.255, P<0.01),while negatively correlated with ketosis, dyslipidemia, BMI and HbA1c(r=-0.200,-0.125,-0.228,-0.138, P<0.01).(3)Regression analysis indicated that age was a common risk factor for ketosis, DPN, and NPDR(OR= 0.956,1.054,1.030, P<0.01).Conclusion Newly diagnosed patients with T2 DM exhibit significant clinical heterogeneity across age groups: young patients are predominantly present with insulin resistance and metabolic disorders, middle-aged patients are in the transitional phase of vascular disease, while elderly patients exhibit a high incidence of vascular complications.更多还原