【摘要】 睾丸类器官(testicular organoids, TOs)作为一种新兴的三维(3D)体外培养模型,为模拟睾丸的细胞组成、空间结构和部分生理功能提供了创新平台。随着研究人员对精子发生机制及组织工程技术理解的不断深入,利用多种细胞来源(包括原代睾丸细胞、诱导多能干细胞等)在体外重建睾丸结构的研究已取得显著进展。TOs能够支持生精细胞的存活、增殖与分化,模拟体细胞与生精细胞间的相互作用,并具备一定的内分泌功能。该文主要评述了TOs的核心细胞构成、生物支架材料、当前应用领域及发展挑战。TOs技术不仅为基础研究解析睾丸发育和生精微环境调控提供了重要工具,也为雄性不育治疗、生殖毒性评估、珍稀物种保护及药物筛选等应用开辟了广阔前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 TOs(testicular organoids), as an emerging 3D(three-dimensional) in vitro culture model, provide an innovative platform for simulating the cellular composition, spatial structure, and partial physiological functions of the testis. With deepening understanding of spermatogenesis mechanisms and tissue engineering techniques, significant progress has been made in reconstructing testicular structure and function in vitro using various cell sources, including primary testicular cells and iPSCs(induced pluripotent stem cells). TOs are capable of supporting the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of spermatogenic cells, simulating the interactions between somatic cells and germ cells, and exhibiting certain endocrine functions. This review mainly discusses the core cell composition, biomaterial scaffolds, current applications, and developmental challenges of TOs. TOs technique not only serves as an essential tool for fundamental research of testicular development and the regulation of the spermatogenic microenvironment, but also opens up broad prospects for applications such as the treatment of male infertility, reproductive toxicity assessment, conservation of endangered species, and drug screening.更多还原