【摘要】 目的 了解2019-2022年贵州省六盘水、安顺及毕节地区HIV-1新近感染现状，并探讨相关影响因素。方法 通过HIV-1限制性抗原亲和力酶联免疫吸附法（LAg-avidity EIA法），对2019-2022年贵州省部分地区HIV-1抗体确证阳性样本进行新近感染检测，计算新近感染占比和新近感染率。结合流行病学数据，对这些报告地区的相关影响因素进行单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 共筛查了12 627 265人，最终纳入HIV-1抗体确证阳性样本9 493例，粗检出率为7.52/万。2019-2022年HIV-1新近感染合计占比：六盘水地区最高，为15.67%；其次为安顺地区（13.19%）和毕节地区（12.83%）。年均新近感染率：安顺地区最高（4.89/万），其次为六盘水地区（3.70/万），毕节地区最低（1.37/万）。全人群新近感染合计占比：2019年为15.05%,2020年为12.88%,2021年为13.86%,2022年为13.81%。全人群新近感染率：2019年为3.71/万，2020年为2.07/万，2021年为2.54/万，2022年为2.54/万。此外，六盘水地区HIV-1新近感染率在2020年经历下降后，出现缓慢回升，从2020年的2.62/万上升至2022年的3.84/万。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，女性、六盘水市、血/浆站、年龄<30岁或≥60岁、受教育程度高中及以上、以及从事干部职员和离退人员更易检出HIV-1新近感染者，是HIV-1新近感染的主要影响因素。结论 2019-2022年，贵州省安顺和毕节的HIV-1新近感染率呈缓慢下降趋势。然而，六盘水地区与血/浆站仍然是HIV-1新近感染的重点防控区域与机构，值得特别关注。青年、老年人群及受教育程度较高的HIV感染者构成新近感染的高风险人群。建议针对上述重点区域、特殊机构及人群，制定精准化防控策略，以有效控制贵州省HIV-1的传播风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the status of recent human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infections in Liupanshui, Anshun, and Bijie, Guizhou Province, China, from 2019 to 2022 and to explore the associated influencing factors. Methods Recent infected samples confirmed positive for HIV-1 antibody in some areas of Guizhou Province from 2019 to 2022 were detected using HIV-1 restriction antigen affinity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(limiting antigen-avidity enzyme immunoassay method). The proportion of recent infections and the recent infection rate were calculated. Combined with epidemiological data, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify influencing factors in the reported regions. Results A total of 12 627 265 people were screened, and 9 493 samples confirmed as HIV-1 antibodypositive were included, yielding a crude detection rate of 7.52 per 10 000 people. From 2019 to 2022, the proportion of recent HIV-1 infections was highest in Liupanshui(15.67%), followed by Anshun(13.19%) and Bijie(12.83%). The annual average recent infection rate was highest in Anshun(4.89 per 10 000), followed by Liupanshui(3.70 per 10 000) and Bijie(1.37 per 10 000). The proportion of recent infections in the entire population was 15.05% in 2019, 12.88% in 2020, 13.86% in 2021, and 13.81% in 2022. The recent HIV-1 infection rate in the general population was 3.71 per 10 000 in 2019, 2.07 per 10 000 in 2020, 2.54 per 10 000 in 2021, and 2.54 per 10 000 in 2022. After a decline in 2020, the recent HIV-1 infection rate in Liupanshui showed a gradual rebound, increasing from 2.62 per 10 000 in 2020 to 3.84 per 10 000 in 2022. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that women, residence Liupanshui, blood or plasma donation sites, age <30 years or ≥60 years, high school education or above, and employment as cadre or staff work or retired status were more likely to be associated with recent HIV-1 infections and represented the main influencing factors. Conclusions From 2019 to 2022, the recent HIV-1 infection rate showed a gradual downward trend in Anshun and Bijie, Guizhou Province. However, Liupanshui and blood or plasma donation sites remain key areas and institutions for prevention and control of recent HIV-1 infections and require special attention. Young and elderly populations, as well as HIV-infected individuals with higher educational levels, constitute high-risk groups for recent infections. Targeted prevention and control strategies focusing on these regions, institutions, and populations are essential to control HIV-1 transmission in Guizhou Province.更多还原