【摘要】 约翰·贝拉米·福斯特和安德烈·高兹作为生态马克思主义的重要代表人物，他们的思想上有重合之处，但在马克思主义理论基础、科学技术、革命主体和行动路径上存在较大的差异。福斯特恪守马克思主义理论，基于“新陈代谢断裂”,强调阶级斗争和资本主义的结构性问题，主张通过生态社会主义革命来实现人与自然的和谐。高兹则融合多元思想，提出“生态理性”作为应对生态危机的新路径，主张去增长与地方化的渐进改革。他们的思想为生态马克思主义理论提供了两个重要的维度——宏观结构的系统变革和微观文化的生活实践。更多还原

【Abstract】 As prominent representatives of Ecological Marxism, John Bellamy Foster and André Gorz share certain commonalities in thought while also displaying notable differences in the theoretical foundation of Marxism, their perspectives on science and technology, their conceptions of revolutionary subjects, and their proposed paths of action. Foster adheres to Marxist theory, basing his analysis on the concept of the “metabolic rift”. He emphasizes class struggle and the structural problems of capitalism, advocating for an Ecosocialist Revolution to achieve harmony between humanity and nature. In contrast, Gorz integrates diverse ideas, proposing “ecological rationality” as a new path to address ecological crises. He advocates for degrowth and localized, gradual reforms. Their thoughts provide two important dimensions for Ecological Marxist Theory— the systematic transformation of the macro structure and the life practice of the micro culture.更多还原