【摘要】 拟探究呋虫胺胁迫下麦长管蚜（Sitobion avenae）抗药性增加及表型变化的分子机制，为延缓麦蚜对呋虫胺的抗药性奠定基础。利用亚致死浓度(LC₂₀)呋虫胺对麦长管蚜进行汰选，建立抗性品系K;采用带虫浸叶法测定S.avenae对呋虫胺的抗性倍数；通过RNA-Seq技术筛选与S.avenae敏感品系M与抗性品系K之间的差异表达基因（DEGs）,并进行GO功能注释和KEGG通路富集分析；利用RT-qPCR验证筛选到的DEGs表达量。经过15代的汰选最终获得了S.avenae对呋虫胺的抗性品系，抗性倍数为6.54。RNA-Seq结果显示敏感品系M与低抗品系K的366个DEGs中146个基因上调，220个基因下调。GO功能注释和KEGG富集分析显示，最显著富集的条目为：细胞质翻译延伸和核糖体通路，同时富集于这两条通路的基因包括：RPS24、RPS8、RPS17、RPLP1和RPLP2。此外，在DEGs中筛选到了2个与昆虫抗药性或表型变化相关的基因（CYP49A1、ABCC4）。RT-qPCR结果显示：K品系S.avenaeRPS24、RPS8、RPS17、RPLP1、RPLP2、CYP49A1、ABCC4基因表达量相较于M品系S.avenae均显著上调表达，与RNA-Seq结果的基因表达趋势一致，验证了RNA-Seq结果可靠性。本研究获得的亚致死浓度呋虫胺胁迫下S.avenae转录组数据分析表明，呋虫胺亚致死浓度胁迫可能通过“核糖体激活-代谢解毒协同网络”驱动蚜虫适应性进化：核糖体通路基因上调加速蛋白质合成，促进蚜虫体型增大以增强胁迫缓冲能力；同时，代谢解毒通路基因CYP49A1与ABCC4的高表达通过氧化解毒与外排作用降低呋虫胺毒性，二者共同提升抗药性。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the molecular mechanism of increased resistance and phenotypic changes in Sitobion avenae to dinotefuran under its stress, to delay the development of resistance to dinotefuran in wheat aphid, the LC₂₀ of dinotefuran was used to evaluate resistance of S.avenae, and a resistant strain K was established.The resistance ratio of S.avenae to dinotefuran was determined using the leaf-dip method. Differentially expressed genes（DEGs） between the sensitive strain M and the resistant strain K of S.avenae were identified by RNA-Seq technology, and GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted.The expression levels of the selected DEGs were validated by RT-qPCR.After 15 generations of selection, a resistance strain of S.avenae to dinotefuran was successfully obtained, with a resistance ratio of 6.54.The RNA-Seq results showed that among 366 DEGs between strains M and K,146 genes were upregulated and 220 were downregulated.GO and KEGG analysis showed that the most significantly enriched terms were cytoplasmic translational elongation and ribosome pathway.Genes enriched simultaneously in these two pathways included: RPS24,RPS8,RPS17,RPLP1 and RPLP2.Additionally, two genes（CYP49A1,ABCC4） related to insect resistance or phenotypic changes were screened out in DEGs.The RT-qPCR results showed that the gene expression levels of RPS24,RPS8,RPS17,RPLP1,RPLP2,CYP49A1 and ABCC4 in the K strain of S.avenae were significantly higher in strain K than in strain M,consistent with RNA-Seq results, thus confirming the reliability of the transcriptomic data.The transcriptome data analysis indicated that the sublethal concentration of dinotefuran may drive the adaptive evolution of aphids through the “ribosome activation-metabolic detoxification synergistic network”:upregulated genes in ribosome pathway may accelerate protein synthesis, promoting aphid growth and enhancing tolerance to stress.Meanwhile, the high expression of the genes CYP49A1 and ABCC4 in metabolic detoxification pathway reduced the toxicity of dinotefuran through oxidative detoxification and excretion, and both jointly enhanced the resistance.更多还原