【摘要】 为了揭示高温胁迫导致花药败育过程中细胞程序化死亡(programmed cell death, PCD)的变化规律，利用正常生长条件下和高温胁迫条件下不同发育时期的小麦花药(单核后期、二核期、三核期)为试供材料，比较分析高温胁迫后小麦花药绒毡层的形态变化、DNA片段化程度、PCD关键基因 TaMCA4的表达水平及互作蛋白预测分析。结果表明，在高温胁迫下，小麦花药绒毡层胞质自单核后期开始，已经逐渐稀薄，随着花药发育到三核期，绒毡层彻底降解消失，表现出绒毡层细胞的提前降解，且呈现PCD特异的梯状Ladder图谱。在花药发育的整个时期内， TaMCA4基因在单核后期受到了高温胁迫的抑制，相对表达量较低；而在花药发育的中后期(二核期和三核期)则呈现高表达水平，参与了高温胁迫诱导下花药败育的PCD过程。通过蛋白质互作分析共预测到10个与TaMCA4互作的蛋白，其中糖基转移酶家族的A0A0R6UPC9互作分值最高，可作为TaMCA4在响应高温胁迫时的潜在互作蛋白，并为探索高温胁迫诱导花药败育的分子机理提供新线索。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-temperature is a major environmental stress factor affecting wheat growth and development. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of programmed cell death(PCD) occurring during high-temperature induced anther abortion, anthers at different developmental stages(late-uninucleate stage, binucleate stage, and trinucleate stage) were collected from wheat grown under control and high-temperature stress conditions. Morphological changes in the tapetum and DNA fragmentation were comparatively analyzed between treatments. In addition, the expression patterns of the PCD-related gene TaMCA4 were also investigated. The results showed that under high-temperature stress, the cytoplasmic density of the tapetum began to diminish from the late-uninucleate stage. By the trinucleate stage, the tapetum had completely degraded, indicating the premature degradation of the tapetal cells. This process was accompanied by a characteristic DNA laddering pattern, a hallmark of PCD. During anther development, the expression of TaMCA4 was suppressed at the late uninucleate stage under high-temperature stress, resulting in relatively low expression levels. However, TaMCA4 expression was significantly upregulated at binucleate and trinucleate stages, suggesting its involvement in the PCD process during high-temperature stress induced anther abortion.Protein-protein interaction analysis predicted ten proteins interacting with TaMCA4, among which the glycosyltransferase family protein A0A0R6UPC9 exhibited the highest interaction score. These results may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of high-temperature induced anther abortion in wheat.更多还原