【摘要】 为提升陇中半干旱区马铃薯产量及土壤环境，于2023年4—9月在皋兰县开展田间试验。采用双因素试验设计：灌溉量设W1(2 437.3 m³·hm^-2)、W2(1 824.2 m³·hm^-2)和W3(1 297.7 m³·hm^-2) 3梯度；施氮量设N1(240 kg·hm^-2)、N2(180 kg·hm^-2)、N3(120 kg·hm^-2) 3梯度，并设高灌溉量（W1）不施肥为对照（CK）,共10个处理。结果表明：（1）水氮调控显著改变了各土层土壤速效钾与有效磷的含量分布，并显著提升了10～20 cm土层的硝态氮与铵态氮含量。在相同灌溉量下，N1处理土壤养分含量最高；（2）除过氧化氢酶外，蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均随土层深度增加而递减，且0～20 cm土层酶活性受水氮调控影响较敏感，其中W1N2处理的碱性磷酸酶活性最高（较CK提高60.66%）,蔗糖酶活性和脲酶活性在W1N1处理最高，而过氧化氢酶活性在20～40 cm土层达到最大值；（3）W1N2处理马铃薯产量最高，达5.38 t·hm^-2,较CK提高42.17%,较最低产量W3N3提高149.58%,在相同灌溉量下，氮肥偏生产力随着施氮量的增大而减小。综合表明，适宜水氮组合（W1N2）通过优化土壤养分与酶活性，显著增产并改善土壤肥力，同时实现减氮25.00%(60 kg·hm^-2),为该区域马铃薯产业可持续发展提供了关键技术参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 To enhance potato yield andand improve soil conditions, a field experiment was conducted in Gaolan county from April to September 2023 in the semi-arid region of central Gansu. A two-factor experimental design was employed with three irrigation levels—W1(2 437.3 m³·hm^-2),W2(1 824.2 m³·hm^-2),and W3(1 297.7 m³·hm^-2)—and three nitrogen application rates: N1(240 kg·hm^-2),N2(180 kg·hm^-2),and N3(120 kg·hm^-2). A control（CK） treatment with high irrigation（W1） and no fertilization was included, resulting in 10 total treatments. The results indicated:（1） water-nitrogen regulation significantly altered the distribution of available potassium and phosphorus across soil layers and markedly increased nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content in the 10-20 cm layer. Under identical irrigation, N1 treatment yielded the highest soil nutrient content;（2） except for catalase, sucrase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities decreased with soil depth. Enzyme activities in the 0-20 cm layer were more sensitive to water-nitrogen regulation. Alkaline phosphatase activity peaked in the W1N2 treatment（60.66% higher than CK）,sucrase and urease activities peaked under W1N1 treatment, while catalase activity reached its maximum in the 20-40 cm soil layer;（3） The W1N2 treatment produced the highest potato yield at 5.38 t·hm^-2,representing a 42.17% increase over CK and a 149.58% increase over the lowest-yielding W3N3 treatment. Under identical irrigation conditions, nitrogen fertilizer productivity decreased with increasing nitrogen application rates. Collectively, the optimal water-nitrogen combination（W1N2） significantly increased yields and improved soil fertility by optimizing soil nutrients and enzyme activities, while reducing nitrogen application by 25.00%(60 kg·hm^-2). These findings provide important technical references for the sustainable development of the potato industry in this region.更多还原