【摘要】 药品价格水平直接关乎药品可负担性、公平性及公共政策的科学制定。世界卫生组织与国际健康行动组织推荐使用“中位价格比”方法进行药品价格的国际比较。该方法具有简便性与标准化优势，但在药品样本代表性、价格层级选择、汇率换算及比较基准等方面存在不确定性，可能影响比较结果的可解释性。因此，在基于药品价格国际比较制定监管决策时，应慎重选择比较方法，建议同时使用市场汇率和购买力平价方法进行交叉验证，避免数据处理偏倚。鉴于我国监管需求，应尽快开展参考国家篮子选择及相关国家价格监管政策研究，以高效开展药品价格国际比较并合理解读比较结果，进而支持监管决策。更多还原

【Abstract】 The level of pharmaceutical prices is directly related to medicine affordability, equity, and the evidence-based formulation of public policies. The World Health Organization(WHO) and Health Action International(HAI) recommend the median price ratio method for international comparison of pharmaceutical prices. This method features simplicity and standardization, yet it entails uncertainties in terms of pharmaceutical sample representativeness, price tier selection, currency conversion and comparison benchmarks, which may undermine the interpretability of comparison outcomes.Therefore, when formulating regulatory decisions based on international pharmaceutical price comparisons, comparison methods should be selected with prudence. It is advisable to adopt cross-verification by simultaneously applying market exchange rates and purchasing power parity to mitigate biases in data processing. In view of China’s regulatory demands, research on the selection of reference country baskets and relevant national price regulatory policies should be promptly advanced. Such efforts will facilitate efficient international pharmaceutical price comparison and rational interpretation of relevant findings, thereby providing solid evidence for regulatory decision-making.更多还原