【摘要】 磷石膏是湿法磷酸制备工艺中产生的固废，其安全处置与高附加值利用已成为磷化工产业可持续发展的重要研究方向。目前，磷石膏的利用途径以制备建材为主，农用和化工为辅，存在经济效益低、消纳能力不足等瓶颈。基于磷石膏的化学活性特点，其可用于制备胶凝、保温及吸附等功能材料，具有产品附加值高、消纳量大等优势。在综述磷石膏传统消纳途径现状的基础上，重点梳理磷石膏基功能材料的制备方法及应用现状。其中，磷石膏基胶凝材料可替代部分水泥，通过物理包裹和化学反应固定有毒元素，用于填充矿井采空区；磷石膏基保温材料具有轻质、隔热、隔音、阻燃等诸多优异性能，因而具有广阔市场；磷石膏通过吸附、沉淀和离子交换能在一定程度上去除重金属离子，可作为低成本的吸附剂应用在重金属污染废水治理领域。相较于传统磷石膏综合利用途径，磷石膏基功能材料具有更为广阔的应用前景和发展潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Phosphogypsum is a typical solid waste generated from the wet-process phosphoric acid industry.Its safe disposal and high value-added utilization have became critical research directions for the sustainable development of the phosphate chemical industry.Currently,phosphogypsum is primarily used in the production of building materials and supplemented by limited agricultural and chemical applications.However,these routes suffer from low economic efficiency and insufficient consumption capacity.Owing to its chemical reactivity,phosphogypsum can be transformed into functional materials,such as cementitious materials,thermal insulation materials,and adsorbent materials,which offer high value-added and large consumption potential. The current status of traditional phosphogypsum disposal pathways was firstly reviewed. Subsequently,it was focused on the preparation methods and applications of phosphogypsum-based functional materials.Specifically,partial cement was substituted by phosphogypsum-based cementitious materials,in which toxic elements were immobilized through physical encapsulation and chemical reactions.Consequently,these materials were utilized to fill mined-out areas.Phosphogypsum-based thermal insulation materials were characterized by lightweight,thermal insulation,acoustic insulation,and flame-retardant properties.Therefore,broad market prospects were anticipated for these materials.Moreover,phosphogypsum was employed as a low-cost adsorbent for treating wastewater contaminated with heavy metals.In this process,heavy metal ions were effectively removed through adsorption,precipitation,and ion exchange.Compared with conventional utilization pathways,phosphogypsum-based functional materials demonstrated significantly broader application prospects and greater development potential.更多还原