【摘要】 目的：采用功能性磁共振成像（functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI）揭示乒乓球运动员在无意识知觉加工中的神经机制，探索长期开放技能训练对知觉-动作耦合的潜在塑造作用。方法：采用横断面设计，招募24名一级乒乓球运动员和23名无专项运动训练经历者，基于无意识掩蔽启动任务开展行为学测试与fMRI实验。结果：1）辨别力指数结果显示，两组受试者均未对阈下启动刺激形成主观知觉，说明实验有效实现了无意识条件；2）行为学结果表明，乒乓球运动员组在各条件下的反应时均显著短于对照组（P<0.01），错误率更低，其中不一致启动量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;3）整体脑区激活结果显示，两组受试者在无意识知觉加工过程中均激活初级视觉网络、第二视觉网络、体感运动网络，并伴随默认模式网络的抑制（P<0.001）;4）组间脑区差异表明，在范畴一致条件下，乒乓球运动员组左侧额上回2区激活显著低于对照组（P<0.001），而右侧楔状回激活显著高于对照组（P<0.001）；在不一致条件下，运动员组右侧枕上回激活显著高于对照组（P<0.001）;5）启动效应分析指出，运动员组在不一致启动效应下，左侧小脑蚓部1区、颞中回、楔前叶、右侧小脑8区、黑质网状部显著激活（P<0.001），在范畴一致启动效应下，左侧黑质网状部、右侧辅助运动区显著激活（P<0.001）；而对照组仅在不一致启动效应下，左侧顶下小叶显著激活（P<0.001）;6）启动效应比较表明，在不一致启动效应下，运动员组在左侧海马旁回、右侧前扣带回上部、额内侧回眶部、梭状回的激活显著高于对照组（P<0.001）；而在范畴一致启动效应下运动员组左侧颞中回激活显著低于对照组（P<0.001）。结论：本研究利用fMRI证据揭示了乒乓球运动员在无意识知觉加工中运动控制脑区的特异性参与。长期开放技能训练可能通过增强知觉-动作耦合和优化脑网络效率，促进个体在无意识状态下实现更快速、准确的反应。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying unconscious perceptual processing in table tennis athletes by using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI), and to explore how long-term open-skill training shapes the perception-action coupling process. Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted in this study, 24 national-level table tennis athletes and 23 control participants without specialized sports training were conducted behavioral testing and fMRI experiments based on an unconscious masked priming paradigm. Results: 1) The discrimination index showed that neither group of participants formed subjective awareness of the subliminal priming stimuli, indicating that the unconscious condition was established effectively. 2) Behavioral results indicated that the reaction time of the athletes were significantly shorter than those of the control group under all conditions(P<0.01) with lower error rates. Moreover, the incongruent priming effect was significantly higher in the athletes compared to the control group(P<0.05).3) Overall brain activation results showed that both of the two groups’ participants activated the primary visual network, secondary visual network, and somatosensory-motor network during unconscious perceptual processing, accompanied by the suppression of the default mode network(P<0.001). 4) Intergroup brain region differences indicated that under the category-congruent condition, the activation of the left superior frontal gyrus(area 2) in the athlete group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while the activation of the right cuneus gyrus was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.001). Under the incongruent condition, the activation of the right occipital gyrus in the athlete group was significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.001). 5) Priming effect analysis indicated that under the incongruent priming effect, the left cerebellar vermis area 1, middle temporal gyrus, precuneus,right cerebellum area 8 and substantia nigra reticulata were significantly activated(P<0.001); under the category-congruent priming effect, the left substantia nigra reticulata and the right supplementary motor area in the athlete group were significantly activated(P<0.001). In contrast, the control group showed significant activation in the left inferior parietal lobule only under the incongruent priming effect(P<0.001). 6) Comparison of priming effects indicated that under the incongruent priming effect, the athlete group showed significantly higher activation in the left parahippocampal gyrus, right upper anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus compared to the control group(P<0.001); under the category-congruent priming effect, the activation of the left middle temporal gyrus in the athlete group was significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.001). Conclusion: fMRI evidence revealed the specific involvement of motor-control-related brain regions in the unconscious perceptual processing in table tennis athletes. Long-term open-skill training may enhance perception-action coupling and optimize neural network efficiency,enabling faster and more accurate responses under unconscious conditions.更多还原