【摘要】 为了缓解南疆地区淡水资源紧张，充分利用微咸水资源，探究不同覆膜和咸水补灌模式对南疆棉田土壤水盐、养分含量及分布、棉花养分吸收积累和产量的影响，以此揭示最佳种植模式下抑盐保苗增产的机制。2023年在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县进行了田间试验。在施肥总量相同的情况下，设置2种覆膜方式处理（双膜覆盖和单膜覆盖）及3种灌溉模式（6次淡水、6次淡水2次咸水、8次淡水）的双因素试验（分别记作DT1、DT2、DT3、ST1、ST2、ST3）。在棉花苗期、蕾期、花期、铃期4个时期，测定棉田土壤含水率、温度、电导率、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和棉花全氮、全磷、全钾、干物质量、产量。不同覆膜方式以及灌溉方式对棉田土壤水热盐、基本肥力特征、棉花的养分吸收和产量均有影响。与ST1处理相比，DT2处理下，棉花苗期、蕾期、花期、铃期的养分吸收量均有显著提升，氮素吸收量增幅14.77%～45.68%，磷素吸收量5.63%～35.99%，钾素吸收量增幅15.18%～22.63%，产量增幅34.27%；棉花苗期、蕾期、花期、铃期的土壤速效养分和有机质含量均有显著提升。碱解氮含量增幅9.08%～30.73%，有效磷含量增幅14.61%～37.23%，速效钾含量增幅8.59%～29.72%，有机质含量增幅11.14%～25.13%。双膜覆盖在各生育期表层土壤抑盐效果显著。播种后1个月内，双膜0～20cm土层电导率较单膜降幅9.73%；棉花苗期、蕾期、花期、铃期0～20 cm土层土壤盐分含量双膜处理较单膜分别降幅9.73%～11.08%、4.40%～17.58%、12.04%～22.32%和17.89%～21.02%。在淡水资源短缺，盐碱危害严重的南疆膜下滴灌棉田，采用双膜覆盖和咸水补灌能实现抑盐保苗增产。更多还原

【Abstract】 To relieve the shortage of fresh water resources in southern Xinjiang and make full use of the brackish water resources,this research aimed to explore the impacts of different film-mulching and brackish-water supplementary irrigation modes on the content and distribution of soil water,salt and nutrient,as well as the nutrient absorption,accumulation and yield of cotton in the cotton fields of southern Xinjiang.The purpose was to reveal the mechanism of alkali reduction,salt inhibition,seedling protection and yield increase under the optimal planting pattern.Field trials were conducted in Shaya county,Aksu prefecture,Xinjiang in 2023.Under the condition of the same total amount of fertilizer application,a two-factor experiment was set up with 2 film-covering treatments(double film covering and single film covering) and 3 irrigation modes(6 fresh water,6 fresh water coupled with 2 brackish-water,and 8 fresh water),which were recorded as DT1,DT2,DT3,ST1,ST2,and ST3,respectively.During the four periods of cotton seedling,bud,flowering and boll,soil moisture content,temperature,electrical conductivity,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and cotton total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,dry matter quality and yield were measured.Different film mulching methods and irrigation methods had effects on soil water,heat and salt,basic fertility characteristics,cotton nutrient absorption and yield in cotton fields.Compared with ST1,DT2 treatment significantly increased nutrient uptake at seedling,bud,flowering and boll stages,nitrogen uptake increased by 14.77%-45.68%,phosphorus uptake increased by 5.63%-35.99%,potassium uptake increased by 15.18%-22.63%,yield increased by 34.27%,soil available nutrients and organic matter content at seedling,bud,flowering and boll stages increased significantly.The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increased by 9.08%-30.73%,the content of available phosphorus increased by 14.61%-37.23%,the content of available potassium increased by 8.59%-29.72%,and the content of organic matter increased by 11.14%-25.13%.In the first month after sowing,the conductivity of 0-20 cm soil layer decreased by 9.73%.Compared with single film treatment,the salt content in 0-20 cm soil layer decreased by 9.73%-11.08%,4.40%-17.58%,12.04%-22.32% and 17.89%-21.02% at seedling stage,bud stage,flowering stage and boll stage,respectively. In drip irrigation cotton fields under film in southern Xinjiang,where fresh water resources were scarce and salt-alkali hazards were serious,using double film coverage and brackish-water supplementary irrigation could achieve salt suppression,seedling protection and increase production.更多还原