【摘要】 为了明确增施有机肥配施微生物菌剂对打顶后30 d内的上部烟叶生长和经济性状及烟叶品质的影响，以‘云烟87’为材料，设置了增施生物发酵菜籽饼肥和德润和有机肥料、抗重茬剂和微生物菌剂等处理，测定了不同处理的上部6片烟叶在打顶期和打顶后10、20、30 d的叶片长度和宽度、干物质量、SPAD值，考查和评价了上部烟叶的经济性状、外观质量、物理特性、化学成分、评吸质量。结果表明，烤烟打顶后30 d，上部叶片仍然在生长和积累干物质，其增加量随时间推进而逐渐减缓，但叶片SPAD值下降。施用抗重茬剂较微生物菌剂更能促进上部烟叶生长，有利于提高上部烟叶经济性状；施用生物发酵菜籽饼肥有利于提高上部烟叶物理特性指数和评吸质量总分。增施有机肥配施微生物菌剂可促进上部烟叶生长和干物质积累，可提高上部烟叶产值5.85%～13.94%、物理特性指数0.15%～2.99%、评吸质量总分4.71%～18.43%、综合品质指数3.67%～4.92%。在湘西低海拔山地烟区增施生物发酵菜籽饼肥配施抗重茬剂对上部烟叶可起到促生增产提质作用，有利于上部烟叶“养熟”，具有一定推广价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the effects of supplemental organic fertilizer combined with microbial inoculants on the growth,economic traits,and quality of upper tobacco leaves within 30 days after topping,a field experiment was conducted using the flue-cured tobacco variety ‘Yunyan 87’.Five treatments including bio-fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer,Derunhe organic fertilizer,replanting disease suppressant,and microbial inoculants were set up.Parameters such as leaf length,width,dry biomass,SPAD value,economic traits,appearance quality,physical characteristics,chemical composition,and sensory smoking quality of the upper six leaves were measured at topping and at 10,20,and 30 days after topping.The results indicated that upper leaves continued to grow and accumulate dry biomass for 30 d post-topping,albeit with diminishing rates over time,while SPAD values declined.Replanting disease suppressant outperformed microbial inoculants in promoting leaf growth and enhancing economic traits.Bio-fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer improved physical characteristics and sensory smoking quality.Combined application of organic fertilizer and microbial inoculants synergistically increased dry biomass accumulation,elevated output value by 5.85%-13.94%,enhanced physical trait indices by 0.15%-2.99%,boosted sensory scores by 4.71%-18.43%,and raised comprehensive quality indices by 3.67%-4.92%.In low-altitude mountainous tobacco-growing areas of Western Hunan,the combined use of bio-fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer and replanting disease suppressant demonstrated dual benefits:promoting growth,increasing yield,and improving quality.This approach facilitated the “ripening” of upper leaves(delayed senescence with sustained metabolic activity)and was practical for sustainable tobacco farming.更多还原