【摘要】 为探究长期减氮配施秸秆、硝化抑制剂和生物炭对小麦籽粒营养和加工品质的影响，以潮土区麦玉轮作体系长期定位施肥试验为基础，设置不施氮肥（CK）、常规施氮（100N）、减氮20%(80N)及减氮20%分别配施秸秆还田（80NS）、硝化抑制剂（80NI）、生物炭（80NB）共6个处理，研究长期减氮增效措施对小麦籽粒营养和加工品质的影响。结果表明，2021—2023年80NI处理小麦产量最高，达7176.55 kg/hm~2，显著高于80N处理。与100N处理相比，80NS和80NB处理显著降低土壤容重，分别提高土壤有机质含量至22.32和22.11 g/kg，提高可溶性有机碳含量；80NB处理显著增加土壤有效磷含量。在小麦籽粒营养品质方面，与100N和80N处理相比，80NB处理显著提高小麦籽粒Ca浓度，降低Mn浓度；与100N和80N处理相比，80NI和80NB处理分别使Fe累积量提高145.83%和120.55%；各处理间有毒金属元素Pb、Cd在籽粒中的浓度均无显著差异；与CK处理相比，100N、80N和80NS处理的As浓度分别降低24.90%、31.22%和24.90%；因各施肥处理提高了籽粒产量，Pb、Cd和As的累积量比CK都有所提高，施肥处理间Pb和Cd累积量无显著差异，但80NI处理显著提高了籽粒As的累积量，比80N处理提高45.45%。加工品质方面，与CK和100N处理相比，80NI处理显著提高了籽粒硬度指数和出粉率，但所有减氮增效措施均显著降低粗蛋白含量和湿面筋含量。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the effects of long-term nitrogen reduction combined with straw application,nitrification inhibitors and biochar on the nutrition and processing quality of wheat grains,this study was based on the long-term positioning fertilization experiment of the wheat-corn rotation system in the tidal soil area. Six treatments were set up,namely no nitrogen fertilizer application(CK),conventional nitrogen application(100N),20% nitrogen reduction(80N),and 20% nitrogen reduction combined with straw returning to the field(80 NS),nitrification inhibitor(80 NI),and biochar(80 NB),to study the effects of long-term nitrogen reduction and efficiency enhancement measures on the nutrition and processing quality of wheat grains. The results indicated that in the wheat yield from 2021 to 2023,the 80 NI treatment had the highest yield,reaching 7176.55 kg/hm~2,which was significantly higher than that of the 80N treatment. Compared with 100N treatment,80 NS and 80 NB treatments significantly reduced soil bulk density,increased soil organic matter content to 22.32 and 22.11 g/kg,respectively,and enhanced the content of soluble organic carbon. 80 NB treatment significantly increased the content of available phosphorus in the soil. In terms of the nutritional quality of wheat grains,compared with the 100N and 80N treatments,the 80 NB treatment significantly increased the calcium concentration of wheat grains and reduced the manganese concentration. Compared with the 100N and 80N treatments,the 80 NI and 80 NB treatments increased the iron accumulation by 145.83% and 120.55%,respectively. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of toxic metal elements Pb and Cd in the grains among the various treatments. Compared with CK treatment,the concentrations of As at 100N,80N and 80 NS treatments were decreased by 24.90%,31.22% and 24.90%,respectively. As each fertilization treatment increased the grain yield,the cumulative amounts of Pb,Cd and As were all higher than those of CK. There was no significant difference in the cumulative amounts of Pb and Cd among the fertilization treatments,but the 80 NI treatment significantly increased the cumulative amount of As in the grains by 45.45%,compared with the 80N treatment. In terms of processing quality,compared with CK and 100N treatments,80 NI treatment significantly increased the grain hardness index and flour yield. However,all nitrogen reduction and efficiency improvement measures significantly reduced the crude protein content and wet gluten content.更多还原