【摘要】 全面推进健康中国建设是重大战略部署，少年时期健康是后续人力资本积累的关键基础，考察基础医疗保障制度对个体长期经济成就的影响具有重要政策意义。利用中国家庭追踪调查的面板数据，采用双向固定效应模型，识别少年时期参与新型农村合作医疗对个体青年阶段劳动收入的长期影响。研究发现，少年期参保使个体青年期收入显著提升约149.2%,该结论在倾向得分匹配、安慰剂检验、替换被解释变量等多种稳健性检验下依然成立。机制分析表明，新农合主要通过降低家庭医疗费用支出和提升受教育水平促进长期人力资本积累。文章揭示了公共健康保险在促进人力资本积累和阻断贫困代际传递方面的长期价值，为完善我国全民健康保障体系提供了经验证据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Comprehensively advancing the construction of a Healthy China is a major strategic arrangement, and good health during adolescence is a crucial foundation for subsequent human capital accumulation. Examining the impact of basic medical insurance systems on individuals’ long-term economic achievements has significant policy implications. This paper uses panel data from the China Family Panel Studies and employs a two-way fixed-effects model to identify the long-term impact of participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme(NCMS) during adolescence on individuals’ labor income in youth. The study finds that participation in the NCMS during adolescence significantly increases individuals’ income in youth by approximately 149.2%, a conclusion that remains valid under various robustness tests, including propensity score matching, placebo testing, and replacement of the explained variable. Mechanism analysis indicates that the NCMS primarily promotes long-term human capital accumulation by reducing family medical expenses and improving educational attainment. This paper reveals the long-term value of public health insurance in promoting human capital accumulation and breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty, providing empirical evidence for improving my country’s national health security system.更多还原