【摘要】 轨道交通信号系统是指挥控制列车安全运行的关键技术装备，其广泛依赖于软件实现各项功能，属于典型的安全关键系统。测试是保障信号系统软件安全的重要手段，当前，信号系统软件测试技术已发展到一定程度，但仍存在测试针对性不足、测试效率偏低等问题。针对这些问题，从测试用例生成、测试序列生成、测试优化与可靠性测试4个主要研究方向，调研现有代表性测试理论与方法，总结凝练了方法的主要目标、基本原理、关键技术与现场应用情况，对比分析其优缺点，阐明当前信号系统测试所面临的技术挑战，并探讨了未来发展趋势。调研表明，如何科学构造测试用例与测试序列，在有限的测试资源条件下系统高效检测软件的各类缺陷，是当前信号系统测试领域的核心任务。通过调研，为测试人员构建更加高效完备的测试方案提供支持依据，助力实现信号系统软件测试整体水平提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rail transit signal system is a key technical equipment for commanding and controlling the safe operation of trains. It widely relies on software in achieving various functions and is a typical safety-critical system. Testing is an important means to ensure the security of signal system software. Currently, signal system software testing technology has developed to a certain level, but there are still problems such as insufficient testing pertinence and low testing efficiency. In response to these issues, the existing representative testing theories and methods were examined from four main research perspectives, namely test case generation, test sequence generation, test optimization, and reliability test. The main goals, basic principles, key technologies, and field applications of the methods were summarized. Their advantages and disadvantages were compared and analyzed, the technical challenges currently faced by the signal system testing were clarified, and the future development trends were discussed. Research shows that scientifically developing test cases and test sequences and systematically and efficiently detecting various defects of software under limited test resources constitutes the core task in the current field of signal system testing. Through research, this study provides support and basis for testers to build more efficient and comprehensive test plans, and helps improve signal system software testing in general.更多还原