【摘要】 基于历史制度主义的分析视角,对俄罗斯数字化政策的历史变迁展开系统分析,其变迁历程大致经历了初步探索期、逐步转型期、提质增效期和调整变革期四个阶段。俄罗斯数字化政策变迁的制度逻辑就此显现:就结构观而言,宏观政治经济背景、多方行为体的利益博弈和思想观念解释了政策变迁的逻辑;从关键节点看,1994年《关于国家信息化政策的基本原则》、2016年“数字经济”概念的提出、2022年《关于保障俄罗斯联邦信息技术产业加速发展的措施》等关键节点促成了政策升级。展望未来,中国可借鉴俄罗斯数字化政策的实践经验,从加强政府对数字化政策的顶层设计、提升全民的数字化素养与数字技术应用能力、完善对数据安全和个人隐私保护的监督和评估机制三方面入手,推动数字中国建设高质量发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the analytical perspective of historical institutionalism, this study conducts a systematic examination of the historical evolution of Russia’s digitization policy, which can be broadly divided into four stages: initial exploration, gradual transformation, quality and efficiency improvement, and adjustment and reform. The institutional logic underlying the changes in Russia’s digitization policy thus becomes evident. From a structural perspective, the macro-level political and economic context, the interplay of interests among multiple actors, and the prevailing ideological concepts altogether explain the logic of policy change. From the perspective of critical junctures, key milestones such as the 1994 “Basic Principles of National Information Policy”, the introduction of the concept of the “digital economy” in 2016, and the 2017 “The Digital Economy Program of the Russian Federation” collectively facilitated the upgrading of relevant policies. Looking ahead, China can draw on the practical experience of Russia’s digital policy by strengthening the government’s top-level design of digital policy, enhancing the public’s digital literacy and capacity to apply digital technologies, and improving the supervision and evaluation mechanisms for data security and personal privacy protection. These efforts will help advance the high-quality development of the Digital China initiative.更多还原