【摘要】 目的 分析北京市海淀区学校诺如病毒急性胃肠炎疫情的流行特征，为后续海淀区精准防控提供数据支撑。方法 基于北京市海淀区按照中国疾病预防控制中心《诺如病毒感染暴发调查和预防控制技术指南（2015版）》的疫情标准开展调查的疫情材料，收集2019—2023年北京市海淀区学校诺如病毒急性胃肠炎疫情调查资料，采用描述性流行病学方法对其三间分布、疫情发生率、罹患率、传播途径、实验室检测结果等进行分析。结果 2019—2023年北京市海淀区共报告学校诺如病毒急性胃肠炎疫情120起，疫情形势整体平稳。疫情高峰期为每年10—12月和3—5月。疫情主要发生在托幼机构（63起，52.50%）和小学（34起，28.33%）。与其他类型学校相比，中学整体疫情发生率较低（χ²=11.08,P<0.05）;大学暴发疫情发生率相对较高，差异有统计学意义（χ²=35.00,P<0.01）。罹患率以托幼机构最高（22.67%）,且呈现随着学制升高而减低的趋势，差异有统计学意义(χ²_趋势=11 866.81,P<0.01)。疫情以人与人接触（103起，占比85.83%）传播途径为主；食源性传播途径中大学占比相对较高（75%）。GⅡ型诺如病毒为主要病原型别，其中2019—2023年分别为78.26%、92.86%、90.00%、66.67%、88.24%;托幼机构、小学、中学、大学等不同类型学校分别为94.44%、76.92%、70.00%、81.82%。结论 北京市海淀区学校诺如病毒急性胃肠炎呈现托幼机构和小学易发人人传播的聚集性疫情，提示各主体需进一步掌握本区疫情的特征，强化处置规范性与健康教育，有效防控疫情。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the epidemic features of norovirus-caused acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in schools in Haidian district,Beijing,and to provide data support for subsequent precision prevention and control in Haidian district.Methods Based on the materials from surveys conducted in Beijing’s Haidian district according to the outbreak standards in the Technical Guidelines for Investigation,Prevention and Control of Norovirus Infection Outbreaks （2015 Edition） released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,we collected the survey data on norovirus acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in schools in Haidian District,Beijing from 2019 to 2023.Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the time,region and population distribution,the occurrence rate of outbreaks,the attack rate,transmission routes and laboratory test results.Results A total of120 norovirus-induced acute gastroenteritis outbreaks were reported in schools in Haidian district,Beijing from 2019 to 2023,with an overall stable epidemic situation.Beijing’s Haidian district had its annual outbreak peaks from October to December and from March to May.The outbreaks mainly occurred in childcare institutions （n=63,52.50%） and primary schools （n=34,28.33%）.Compared with other types of schools,the overall occurrence rate of outbreaks in middle schools was relatively low （χ²=11.08,P<0.05）,while universities had a relatively higher occurrence rate of explosive outbreaks,showing statistically significant differences （χ²=35.00,P<0.01）.The attack rate was found to be the highest in childcare institutions （22.67%）,and presented a trend of decreasing with the increasing length of schooling,showing statistically significant differences (χ²_trend=11,866.81,P<0.01).The human-to-human contact was the main transmission route （n=103,85.83%）.Universities had a relatively higher proportion of foodborne transmission （75%）.Norovirus genotype GⅡwas the predominate pathogen causing the outbreaks,accounting for 78.26%in 2019,92.86%in 2020,90.00%in 2021,66.67%in 2022 and 88.24%in 2023.Among different types of schools,the proportions of norovirus genotype GⅡin childcare institutions,primary schools,middle schools and universities were 94.44%,76.92%,70.00%and 81.82%respectively.Conclusions The norovirus-induced acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in schools in Beijing’s Haidian district during 2019-2023 presented as clustering epidemics with human-to-human transmission in childcare institutions and primary schools.This indicates that all relevant departments need to further grasp the characteristics of the outbreaks in this district,strengthen the standardization of response and health education,and effectively prevent and control the epidemic situation.更多还原