【摘要】 疥疮是一种常见的、由疥螨寄生于人皮肤表皮所引起的传染性皮肤病，其皮损呈现多形性并伴有剧烈瘙痒。瘙痒导致患者反复抓挠，造成皮损形态不典型，增加误诊风险，进而显著影响患者及其家庭成员的生活质量。传统显微镜检查为疥疮诊断的金标准，存在检出率低、操作创伤性及技术依赖性等局限性，开展新型疥螨检测技术对疥疮的早期诊断和确诊具有重要临床意义。近年来，新型诊断技术逐渐发展，包括皮肤镜、反射式共聚焦显微镜等影像学方法，酶联免疫吸附法等血清学方法，以及聚合酶链式反应等分子生物学技术。本研究系统综述了疥疮的传统与新型诊断方法，旨在为临床诊疗提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Scabies is a common contagious skin disease caused by infestation of the epidermis by Sarcoptes scabiei, presenting with polymorphic skin lesions and intense pruritus. Persistent itching and resultant scratching can alter lesion morphology and increase the risk of misdiagnosis, adversely affecting the quality of life of patients and their household contacts. Conventional light microscopy remains the diagnostic gold standard but is limited by a low detection rate, potentially invasive sampling procedures, and dependence on operator expertise. Consequently, the development and adoption of new detection methods are clinically important for earlier and more reliable diagnosis. Recent advances include imaging approaches(dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy), serological assays(e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), and molecular techniques(e.g., polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). This review systematically summarizes both traditional and emerging diagnostic modalities for scabies to inform clinical practice.更多还原