【摘要】 [目的]为明确辽东地区林下参优质高产的关键影响因子，为辽东地区林下参的生态优质种植提供理论支持。[方法]以丹东市宽甸县满族自治县天桥沟景区（TQG-1,2,3）、石柱乡（SZ-1,2,3）和步达远镇（BDY-1,2,3）林下参培育基地5 a生品种二马牙林下参为研究对象，考察不同立地条件（林型、郁闭度、海拔高度和坡向），对林下参生长指标（叶长、叶宽、株高等）、8种人参皂苷含量及土壤理化性质指标（pH值、有机质、养分等）、酶活性（蔗糖酶、脲酶等）等指标进行测定，探究立地条件与土壤因子对林下参生长发育及皂苷含量的影响。[结果]除坡度外，林型、郁闭度、海拔、坡向、树种结构对林下参生物量均有显著影响（P<0.05），其中海拔400～500 m 、东南坡向、郁闭度0.6～0.7的落叶松林或杂木林为林下参最适生境；不同样地土壤指标差异显著，SZ-1、TQG-3等样地林下参Re+Rg1总量高于0.3%；冗余分析（RDA）筛选出有机质、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱解氮、pH值、速效钙共6个关键土壤因子，Mantel检验表明土壤速效钾、速效钙、速效氮及有机质等指标与人参皂苷Re、Rd、Rh2含量呈正相关，土壤过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶等指标与人参皂苷Rg3、Rb1、Rh1、Rg1、Rb2含量呈正相关。[结论]立地条件与土壤因子对林下参生长及品质存在显著影响，明确最优立地条件组合与控制关键土壤因子水平可为辽东地区林下参的规范化种植与土壤管理提供理论支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To identify the key factors influencing the high-quality and high-yield production of ginseng cultivated under forest canopies in the Liaodong region, thereby providing theoretical support for the ecological and high-quality cultivation of forestgrown ginseng in this area. [Methods]This study utilised five-year-old varieties of‘Erma Ya’ginseng cultivated under forest canopies at the Tianqiaogou Scenic Area(TQG-1, 2, 3), and Shizhu Township(SZ-1, 2, 3), and Budayuan Town(BDY-1, 2, 3) in Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, Dandong City. By establishing four forest types, four canopy closure levels, five altitudinal ranges, and four slope orientations as site conditions, we concurrently measured growth indicators of ginseng growing under forest canopy(leaf length, leaf width, plant height), saponin content(eight ginsenosides), soil physicochemical properties(pH, organic matter,nutrients, etc.), and enzyme activities(sucrase, urease, etc.). We investigated the effects of site conditions and soil factors on ginseng growth and development as well as ginsenoside content. enzyme activities(sucrase, urease, etc.). This investigation explored how site conditions and soil factors influence ginseng growth, development, and saponin content. [Results]Except for slope gradient, forest type,canopy closure, elevation, slope aspect, and tree species composition significantly influenced ginseng biomass(P< 0.05). The optimal site combination was larch or broadleaf forests at 400 – 500 m elevation, southeast slope aspect, and 0.6 – 0.7 canopy closure.Significant differences existed among soil indicators across plots. Ginsenoside content in the understory of plots SZ-1 and TQG-3 met the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People′s Republic of China standard, wherein the total sum of ginsenosides Re+Rg1 must not be less than 0.3%. Redundancy analysis(RDA) identified six key soil factors: organic matter, sucrase, urease, alkaline nitrogen, pH, and available Ca. Mantel tests confirmed that soil available potassium, available calcium, available nitrogen, and organic matter content were positively correlated with ginsenosides Re, Rd, and Rh2, while soil catalase and protease showed positive correlations with ginsenosides Rg3, Rb1, Rh1, Rg1, and Rb2. [Conclusion]Site conditions and soil factors exert synergistic regulatory effects on the growth and quality of ginseng cultivated under forest canopies. Identifying optimal site combinations and the regulatory patterns of key soil factors can provide theoretical support for standardized ginseng cultivation and soil management practices in the Liaodong region.更多还原