【摘要】 老年抑郁症是一种常见于老年人群的精神障碍，其诊断困难、误诊率高。功能性近红外光谱技术(functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS)作为一种无创、便捷的神经影像学手段，已被广泛用于脑功能的研究。本文综述了fNIRS在老年抑郁症静息态与任务态研究中的主要进展，重点分析了前额叶低激活、神经-血管耦合障碍等特征性脑功能异常，并探讨其在辅助诊断、分型识别与疗效预测中的潜力。最后，本文提出fNIRS有望弥补传统影像技术在可及性和动态监测上的不足，为老年抑郁症的识别、分型和干预提供关键支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Late-life depression(LLD) is a common psychiatric disorder in the elderly, characterized by diagnostic challenges and frequent misdiagnosis. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS), a non-invasive and user-friendly neuroimaging technique, is increasingly used to study brain function in LLD. This review summarizes recent advances in fNIRS research on LLD, with a focus on resting-state and task-based studies. It highlights characteristic abnormalities such as prefrontal hypoactivation and neurovascular coupling(NVC) dysfunction, which are frequently observed in patients. Furthermore, the potential of fNIRS in aiding clinical diagnosis, identifying LLD subtypes, and predicting treatment outcomes is discussed. Finally, we propose that fNIRS is expected to address the shortcomings of traditional imaging technologies in terms of accessibitity and dynamic monitoring, providing crucial support for the identification, classification, and intervention of LLD.更多还原