【摘要】 为了解决石油化工、机械加工等行业高稳定性乳化油废水处理问题，落实“两性一度”课程建设标准，设计了膜过滤-吸附协同净化废水综合实验项目。针对工业乳化油废水物化特性，指导学生分别制备多孔碳和非对称炭膜，调控非对称炭膜和多孔碳的孔结构，构建多技术耦合的废水处理体系。实验要求学生完成从多孔材料设计、工业废水水质分析、工艺参数优化到协同净化机理阐释的完整研究流程，综合运用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、物理吸附仪和紫外分光光度仪等现代分析技术，探究材料结构特性、膜材料过滤性能与碳材料吸附性能的协同作用机制，以及跨膜压差等过程参数影响机制。该实验打破了传统单一材料实验的局限性，融合了环境工程和化学工程等多学科知识，通过真实工业场景模拟，强化了学生对膜过滤、吸附过程等核心理论的理解，培养了解决复杂环境工程问题的系统思维、工程实践能力与创新设计能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] To address the practical challenges of treating highly stable emulsified oil wastewater in industries such as petrochemicals and machining, and to meet the curriculum standards of “high-level, innovative, and challenging,” a comprehensive experimental project was designed for wastewater purification via the synergistic application of “membrane filtration–adsorption.” Based on the physicochemical properties of industrial emulsified oil wastewater(oil content: 5%–8%, initial chemical oxygen demand（COD）: 3 462.5 mg·L^–1, and initial turbidity: 190 NTU; main components: phenol, anthraquinone, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and organic acids), students are first guided to review relevant literature, identify technical bottlenecks in controlling membrane pore structure and enhancing adsorbent capacity, and then independently synthesize asymmetric carbon membranes and porous carbon materials. [Methods] Asymmetric carbon membranes are prepared using sol–gel and dip-coating methods. Porous carbon is fabricated with two formulations（solid content of 10 wt% and 20 wt%）, followed by sol–gel formation, aging, drying, and carbonization. To regulate material characteristics and monitor water quality, students use modern analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, physical adsorption analysis, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The results show that the asymmetric carbon membrane has a separation layer with a thickness of ～6.25 μm and a pore size of 8.3 nm, whereas the porous carbon with 20 wt% solid content exhibits a higher specific surface area(591.36 m²·g^–1) and micropore volume(0.28 cm³·g^–1). Based on these materials, a multitechnology coupled wastewater treatment system is established by filling porous carbon into the asymmetric carbon membrane tube, and its performance is evaluated using a dead-end filtration device using COD and turbidity as primary indicators. During the experiment, students optimize process parameters, such as transmembrane pressure difference（0.1–0.3 MPa）, and investigate the influence of membrane pore size and porous carbon solid content on treatment efficiency. [Results] The “membrane filtration–adsorption” system achieves a COD removal of 84.4%（leaving only small amounts of anthraquinone and organic acids） and 100% turbidity removal using porous carbon with 20 wt% solid content and a transmembrane pressure difference of 0.2 MPa. These results significantly outperform single membrane filtration（72.2% COD removal） or single adsorption（34.7% COD removal）. Analysis of the purification mechanism shows that, driven by pressure, emulsified oil wastewater first flows through the asymmetric carbon membrane, where particulate pollutants, color, and most emulsified oil are removed via membrane filtration. The remaining soluble pollutants are subsequently removed through adsorption on porous carbon. The combined use of asymmetric carbon membrane filtration and porous carbon adsorption greatly improves COD removal, enabling efficient, one-step purification of emulsified oil wastewater. [Conclusions] This experiment engages students in the full research process: designing porous materials, analyzing industrial wastewater quality, optimizing process parameters, and interpreting the synergistic purification mechanism. It overcomes the limitations of traditional single-material experiments by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines, such as environmental and chemical engineering. Simulating real industrial scenarios enhances students’ understanding of core theories（e.g., membrane filtration and adsorption） while cultivating their systematic thinking, practical engineering skills, and innovative problem-solving abilities for complex environmental engineering challenges.更多还原