【摘要】 目的 探讨西安地区过敏原特异性IgE（sIgE）与空气质量指标的关联及时间序列特征。方法 回顾性分析2022～2024年陕西省人民医院6 262例疑似过敏患者血清中14种吸入性及8种食入性过敏原sIgE检测结果，结合同期西安市PM_2.5、PM₁₀、臭氧（O₃）、二氧化氮（NO₂）、二氧化硫（SO₂）、一氧化碳（CO）、空气质量指数（AQI）及平均温度月度空气质量数据，采用多污染物回归、广义线性模型（GLM）、主成分分析（PCA）和季节性分解的时序和季节性自回归综合移动平均模型（STL-SARIMA），系统分析sIgE阳性率与空气质量指标之间的关联模式、独立效应、污染驱动类型、季节性波动特征和预测趋势。结果 吸入性过敏原中以粉尘螨（20.58%）、牧草（18.99%）及狗牙根草（18.80%）sIgE阳性率较高；食入性过敏原中鸡蛋白sIgE阳性率最高（30.29%）。多污染物模型显示O₃是花粉类sIgE阳性的独立危险因素，其浓度每升高10μg/m³，屋尘螨、狗牙根草及艾蒿sIgE阳性率分别增加1.29%、0.74%与1.52%（均P<0.05）。广义线性模型提示O₃浓度升高10μg/m³时，屋尘螨与艾蒿sIgE阳性风险分别增加28%与42%。主成分分析提取出“夏季光化学污染”成分，与花粉sIgE呈显著正相关（ρ=0.393～0.479）。STL-SARIMA模型显示花粉s IgE具有明显季节性波动并呈上升趋势，预测2025年夏季将达到峰值。结论西安地区花粉致敏主要受夏季O₃与高温驱动，食入性过敏原致敏则与室外污染物无显著关联，建议制定基于季节性特征与过敏原类型的差异化公共卫生策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the association between allergen-specific IgE（sIgE） and air quality indicators in Xi’an, as well as their time-series characteristics. Methods Retrospective analysis of serum sIgE test results for 14 inhalant and 8 ingestant allergens in 6 262 suspected allergy patients at Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from 2022 to 2024. Concurrent monthly air quality data for Xi’an, including PM_2.5, PM₁₀, ozone（O₃）, nitrogen dioxide（NO₂）, sulfur dioxide（SO₂）, carbon monoxide（CO）, Air Quality Index（AQI）, and monthly average temperature data. Through spearman correlation analysis, multi-pollutant regression analysis, generalized linear models（GLM）, principal component analysis（PCA）, and seasonal time-series auto-regressive integrated moving average（STL-SARIMA） model the association patterns, independent effects, pollution-driven types, seasonal fluctuation characteristics, and future prediction trends between sIgE positivity rates and air quality indicators were comprehensively analyzed. Results Among inhalant allergens, dust mites（20.58%）, grasses（18.99%）, and Bermuda grass（18.80%） exhibited higher sIgE positivity rates; among ingestant allergens, egg white showed the highest sIgE positivity rate（30.29%）. The multi-pollutant model indicated that O₃ was an independent risk factor for pollen-specific sIgE positivity. For every 10 μg/m³ increase in O₃ concentration, the sIgE positivity rates for house dust mite, Bermuda grass, and mugwort increased by 1.29%, 0.74%, and 1.52%, respectively（all P<0.05）. The generalized linear model indicated that a 10 μg/m³ increase in O₃ concentration raised the risk of house dust mite and mugwort sIgE positivity by 28% and 42%, respectively. Principal component analysis extracted a “summer photochemical pollution” component significantly positively correlated with pollen sIgE（ρ=0.393～0.479）. The STL-SARIMA model revealed pronounced seasonal fluctuations and an upward trend in pollen sIgE, projecting a peak in summer 2025. Conclusions Pollen sensitization in Xi’an is primarily driven by summer O₃ and high temperatures, while sensitization to ingestive allergens shows no significant association with outdoor pollutants. Differentiated public health strategies based on seasonal characteristics and allergen types are recommended.更多还原