【摘要】 目的 系统评价甘肃省14家血站实验室质量管理能力区域差异及核心驱动因素，为实验室标准化建设提供依据。方法 基于熵权-TOPSIS法构建评价体系，包含人员管理、设备管理等6个一级指标及12个二级指标；利用2024年度质量指标数据，通过熵权法确定指标权重，TOPSIS法计算综合得分并排序。结果 权重分配中，年度自查次数(c10,28.571%)、应急预案种类(c8,18.654%)、单位质管巡查次数(c11,12.146%)为前三大核心驱动指标，累计权重59.371%。能力排名前三为实验室A(0.895)、I(0.602)和B(0.536)，后三为M(0.354)、K(0.365)和H(0.367)，最优与最差实验室综合得分相差2.5倍(t=6.72,P<0.05)。关键差异体现在管理机制、资源配置及执行规范维度，其中自查频次与问题整改率呈显著正相关(r=0.73,P<0.01)。结论 需围绕自查频次、应急预案等核心指标，通过规范设备管理、强化人员培训等分级措施，推进血站实验室标准化建设，保障临床用血安全。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To systematically evaluate regional disparities and core drivers of quality management capabilities across 14 blood station laboratories in Gansu Province to inform standardized laboratory construction. Methods An evaluation system comprising 6 primary indicators(personnel management, equipment management, material management, biosafety management, emergency management, continuous improvement) and 12 secondary indicators was constructed using the entropy weight-TOPSIS method. Using 2024 laboratory quality indicator data, indicator weights were determined by the entropy weight method, and composite scores were calculated and ranked via the TOPSIS method. Results In weight distribution, annual self-inspection frequency(c10, 28.571%), types of emergency response plans(c8, 18.654%), and internal quality management department inspection frequency(c11, 12.146%) were the top three core driving indicators, collectively accounting for 59.371% of total weight. In capability ranking, laboratories A(0.895), I(0.602), and B(0.536) ranked the top three, while M(0.354), K(0.365), and H(0.367) ranked the bottom three. The comprehensive score of the best laboratory was 2.5 times that of the worst(t=6.72, P<0.05). Key disparities were reflected in management mechanisms, resource allocation, and implementation specifications, among which self-inspection frequency was significantly positively correlated with issue rectification rate(r=0.73, P<0.01). Conclusions It is necessary for blood stations to focus on core indicators such as self-inspection frequency and emergency preparedness plans, and advance laboratory standardization through hierarchical measures including standardized equipment management and enhanced personnel training to ensure clinical blood safety.更多还原