【摘要】 为探究播期播量对冬小麦新品种尧麦31群体结构和产量的调控效应，研究通过大田裂区试验，设置播期和播量各4个水平，分析尧麦31群体动态、主茎叶龄、叶面积指数（LAI）、干物质积累、灌浆速率、农艺性状、产量及其构成因素在不同处理间的差异。结果表明，播期和播量不同使群体性状发生改变，各生育期的群体茎数随播期推迟和播量减小而减少，以10月2日播种的群体茎数最多。推迟播期，各生育期的主茎叶龄减少。同一播期不同播量之间主茎叶片数没有明显的差异。不同播期播量的LAI随生育期的推进而增加，同一播量下，孕穗期达到最大值，开花期到成熟期逐渐缩小；同一播期下，干物质积累量随播量增加而增大，同一播量下随播期推迟干物质积累量逐渐减少，以10月14日播种的小麦花后干物质积累量最高。同一播期随播量增加，灌浆速率先增加后降低；播期推迟，同一播量灌浆速率降低。同一播期下随播量增加株高增高，穗长变短，小穗数减少；同一播量下随播期推迟株高逐渐降低，穗长和小穗数先增加后降低。播期相同随播量增加，经济系数逐渐降低，播量间差异显著。播期播量对产量及产量构成因素的影响达显著水平，且播量对产量、成穗数和千粒质量的影响大于播期。该试验条件下，尧麦31适宜播期为10月8—14日，适宜播量为150～180 kg/hm~2。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the regulatory effects of sowing date and sowing amount on the population structure and yield of a new winter wheat variety Yaomai 31, in this study, through a field split-plot experiment with four levels of sowing date and sowing amount. The differences in population dynamics, main stem leaf age, leaf area index(LAI), dry matter accumulation, grain filling rate, agronomic traits, yield and its components under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the difference in sowing date and sowing amount changed population traits. The number of stems in the population in each growth period decreased with the delay of sowing date and the decrease of sowing amount, and the number of stems in the population sown on October 2 nd was the most. With the delay of sowing date, the main stem leaf age in each growth period decreased gradually. There was no significant difference in the number of leaves on the main stem among different sowing amounts at the same sowing date. LAI increased with the advancement of the growth period for different sowing dates and sowing amounts, reached the maximum value at the booting stage, gradually decreased from the flowering stage to the maturity stage. The dry matter accumulation of the same sowing date increased with the increase of sowing amount, and the dry matter accumulation of the same sowing amount decreased with the delay of sowing date, and the wheat sown on October 14 th had the highest dry matter accumulation after flowering. With the increase of sowing amount, the grain-filling rate increased first and then decreased, and the grain-filling rate decreased with the delay of sowing date at the same sowing amount. At the same sowing date, as the sowing amount increased, the plant height increased, the spike length became shorter, and the spikelet number decreased. At the same sowing amount, as the sowing date delayed, the plant height gradually decreased, and the spike length and spikelet number increased first and then decreased. With the increase of sowing amount at the same sowing date, the economic coefficient gradually decreased, and the difference among sowing amounts was significant. Sowing date and sowing amount had a significant effect on yield and the three elements of yield structure, and the effect of sowing amount on yield, spike number, and 1000-grain weight was greater than that of sowing date. Under the conditions of this trial, the suitable sowing date for Yaomai 31 was from October 8 th to October 14 th and the appropriate sowing amount was 150 kg/ha to 180 kg/ha.更多还原