【摘要】 红砂作为荒漠区重要的建群植物，在规模化生态系统中具有重要功能。筛选抗旱性稳定且遗传优良的红砂家系，可为干旱与荒漠化地区植被恢复提供优质育种材料。对100株抗旱优良红砂单株进行了为期4 a的持续观测，测定了叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸、总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量及叶绿素a/b等7项抗旱相关生理指标，明确了红砂早期选择的适宜起始年龄。基于该起始年龄，进一步对84个5 a生优良家系进行了系统筛选。结果表明：红砂2～5 a生苗木的各项生理指标在年际间差异极显著，4～5 a生时趋于稳定，且两者间无显著差异，表明苗龄≥4 a时性状表达稳定，适合开展以生理指标为依据的抗旱选择。对84个家系的测定结果显示，各指标在家系间差异显著。按15%入选率，结合隶属函数法与主成分分析，筛选出JQGZ-2-2、JQGZ-2-3、ZZG1-2-2等12个抗旱性强的家系。聚类分析进一步表明，JQGZ-2-2抗旱能力极强，JQGZ-2-3、ZZG1-2-1、ZZG1-2-2、ZZG1-2-3抗旱能力强，可作为植被恢复的优选材料。JQGZ-2-2、JQGZ-2-3、ZZG1-2-1、ZZG1-2-2、ZZG1-2-3为抗旱性突出的优良红砂家系，建议作为荒漠区生态恢复的优先推广种质。更多还原

【Abstract】 Reaumuria soongorica, as a key foundation plant in desert regions, plays significant roles in large-scale ecosystems. Screening drought-tolerant R. soongorica families with stable and superior genetic traits can provide high-quality breeding materials for vegetation restoration in arid and desertified areas. A four-year continuous observation was conducted on 100 superior drought-tolerant individual plants, measuring seven drought-related physiological indicators: leaf soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and chlorophyll a/b ratio. This study identified the appropriate initial age for early selection of R. soongorica. Based on this initial age, a systematic screening was further performed on 84 five-year-old superior families. The results showed that the physiological indicators of 2-to 5-year-old R. soongorica seedlings exhibited highly significant inter-annual differences. These indicators stabilized at 4-5 years of age, with no significant differences between the two ages, indicating that traits become stable when seedlings are ≥4 years old, making this age suitable for drought tolerance selection based on physiological indicators. Measurements of the 84 families revealed significant differences in all indicators among families. With a selection rate of 15%, 12 drought-resistant families, including JQGZ-2-2, JQGZ-2-3, ZZG1-2-2, ZZG 1-2-1, ZZG 1-2-3, ZZG 1-1-2, ZZG 1-1-1, JQGZ-2-1, SGK-1-1, THCY-1-1, THCY-2-1 and WD-2-1, were identified using the subordinate function method and principal component analysis. Cluster analysis further indicated that JQGZ-2-2 exhibited extremely strong drought resistance, while JQGZ-2-3, ZZG1-2-1, ZZG1-2-2, and ZZG1-2-3 showed strong drought resistance, making them preferable materials for vegetation restoration.更多还原