【摘要】 “探索建立个人破产制度”是党的二十届三中全会确定的改革任务。个人破产立法急需关注和研究破产原因设定、诚信债务人识别、前置程序的设置以及不同破产程序之间的衔接与转换等关键问题。个人破产原因在表述上可以沿用企业破产的标准，但还需立足于债务人偿付能力、未来收入潜力及债务结构等因素做出符合个人破产特点的解释；“诚实而不幸”的认定应聚焦于债务人主观诚信与客观困境的正当性，厘清“不予受理”和“不予免责”的关系；庭前咨询辅导作为法定的前置程序有其必要性，现阶段可探索庭外债务清理但不宜作为强制性程序；在程序的衔接与转换中需明确个人破产与企业破产在价值取向上的差异，在防范程序滥用的同时保障债务人寻求再生的机会。更多还原

【Abstract】 “Exploring the establishment of a personal bankruptcy system” is a reform task determined by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. For the legislation of personal bankruptcy, it is imperative to clarify such critical issues as the grounds for bankruptcy, the definition of the honest debtor, the establishment of pre-trial proceedings, and the nexus and conversion between different bankruptcy proceedings.Regarding the grounds for personal bankruptcy, while the statutory phrasing may adopt corporate bankruptcy standards, interpretations must be tailored to the specific characteristics of individuals, grounded in factors such as the debtor’s solvency, future earning potential, and debt structure. The identification of “honest but unfortunate” debtors should center on subjective good faith and the legitimacy of objective hardships, clearly distinguishing between the “dismissal of application” and “denial of discharge”. Furthermore, while pre-trial counseling is a necessary statutory requirement, out-of-court debt restructuring should currently be explored as an option rather than imposed as a mandatory procedure. Finally, in the nexus and conversion of proceedings, the divergent value orientations of personal versus corporate bankruptcy must be acknowledged; the system should aim to prevent procedural abuse while safeguarding the debtor’s opportunity for a fresh start.更多还原