【摘要】 生成式人工智能与具身智能等前沿技术的快速发展，在重塑就业结构、催生新职业形态的同时，也加剧了大学生技能供给与市场需求之间的结构性错配，“就业难”与“人才荒”并存的困境日益凸显。基于“机理—梗阻—路径”分析框架，系统探讨人工智能赋能大学生高质量就业技能适配的作用机理、现实梗阻与实现路径。研究表明，人工智能可通过需求侧前瞻预测、供给侧个性培养与匹配侧智能耦合的三重作用机理，推动大学生技能适配与高质量就业；但在实践中，仍面临数据支撑不足、算法应用受限、教育主体转型滞后、系统协同不畅及观念认知偏差等多重梗阻。为此，应从夯实智能基座、优化人才培养体系、深化教育与就业协同、强化价值理念引导等方面协同发力，推动大学生技能供给与市场需求高效衔接。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rapid development of cutting-edge technologies such as generative artificial intelligence and somatic intelligence,while reshaping the employment structure and giving rise to new occupational forms,has also exacerbated the structural mismatch between the supply of college students′ skills and market demand. The coexistence of the predicament of "difficult employment" and "talent shortage" has become increasingly prominent. Based on the " mechanism-obstruction-path" analysis framework,this paper systematically explores the mechanism,practical constraints and implementation paths of artificial intelligence empowering the skill matching of college students for high-quality employment. Research shows that artificial intelligence can promote the skill adaptation and high-quality employment of college students through a triple mechanism of forward-looking prediction on the demand side,individualized cultivation on the supply side,and intelligent coupling on the matching side. However,in practice,it still faces multiple obstacles such as insufficient data support,restricted application of algorithms,lagging transformation of educational entities,poor system collaboration,and cognitive biases. To this end,efforts should be made in a coordinated manner from aspects such as consolidating the intelligent foundation,optimizing the talent cultivation system,deepening the synergy between education and employment,and strengthening the guidance of value concepts,to promote the efficient connection between the supply of college students′ skills and market demands.更多还原