【摘要】 木质纤维素作为地球上储量最丰富的可再生生物质资源，其高效转化是应对能源转型与“碳中和”目标的关键途径，但复杂致密的天然结构使其面临严重的抗降解性技术瓶颈。综述了参与木质纤维素降解真菌的种类及其相关酶系的研究进展。重点分析了白腐菌、褐腐菌和软腐菌等主要降解真菌的分类特征、降解机制及胞外酶系组成。系统阐述了木质素分解酶系（漆酶、过氧化物酶等）、半纤维素水解酶和纤维素酶（内/外切葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶）的催化特性及协同作用机制。特别探讨了新发现的裂解多糖单加氧酶在提高纤维素降解效率方面的突破性作用，及其与糖苷水解酶的协同效应。展望了真菌酶系统在生物质能源、造纸工业等领域的应用前景及面临的挑战，以期为木质纤维素资源的高效生物转化利用提供理论参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the most abundant renewable biomass resource on earth, lignocellulose’s efficient conversion is a key approach to addressing energy transition and the "carbon neutrality" goal. However, its inherently complex and dense natural structure poses a severe technical bottleneck due to its recalcitrance to degradation. This review summarized the research progress on the species of fungi involved in lignocellulose degradation and their related enzyme systems. It focused on analyzing the classification characteristics, degradation mechanisms, and extracellular enzyme system compositions of major degrading fungi, such as white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, and soft-rot fungi. The catalytic properties and synergistic mechanisms of lignin-degrading enzyme systems(laccase, peroxidase, etc.), hemicellulases, and cellulases(endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase) were systematically elaborated. The breakthrough role of the newly discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase(LPMO) in improving cellulose degradation efficiency and its synergistic effect with glycoside hydrolases were specifically discussed. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of fungal enzyme systems in fields such as biomass energy and the papermaking industry were prospected, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic resources.更多还原