【摘要】 目的:探讨不同体能训练方法对体重过轻青少年健康提升的机制与效果，明确不同训练方式的优势与局限性，以期为未来个体化干预方案的制定提供理论依据。方法:采用系统评价法，检索Pub Med、Web of Science、EBSCO、Google学术及中国知网数据库，检索时间为2010年1月1日至2025年9月30日，筛选符合纳入标准的实证研究，通过PEDro量表进行质量评价，提取文献核心信息并按训练类型分类开展定性分析。结果:最终纳入9篇高质量文献(PEDro量表评分6～8分，平均6.35分)，干预类型主要包括HIIT、抗阻训练及综合训练，干预周期4周至12个月，每周干预2～5次。其中，HIIT可显著改善体重过轻青少年心肺功能与心血管健康，抗阻训练能有效提高肌肉质量和力量、改善血管功能，综合训练可全面优化体成分、代谢水平及运动参与积极性，且干预效果存在性别差异。结论:HIIT、抗阻训练及综合训练均能有效改善体重过轻青少年的生理与心理健康状况，不同训练方法各有侧重。未来研究需扩大样本量、丰富干预方式，结合性别、生长发育等因素制定更具针对性的综合干预方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To explore the mechanisms and effects of different physical training methods on improving the health of underweight adolescents,identify the advantages and limitations of different training methods,with the aim to provide a theoretical basis for the development of future individualized intervention programs. Methods: A systematic review approach was used to search English and Chinese databases( Pub Med,Web of Science,EBSCO,Google Scholar,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure,between January 1,2010,and September 30,2025) to identify eligible research articles,which were then qualitatively analyzed by topic. Results: A total of nine high-quality studies were included,with PEDro scores ranging from 6 to 8( mean: 6. 35). The primary intervention types comprised high-intensity interval training,resistance training,and combined training. Intervention durations ranged from 4 weeks to 12 months,with a frequency of 2 to 5 sessions per week. HIIT significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular health in underweight adolescents. Resistance training effectively increased muscle mass and strength while enhancing vascular function. Combined training holistically optimized body composition,metabolic profiles,and physical activity engagement,with intervention effects exhibiting sex-based differences. Conclusion:HIIT,resistance training,and combined training all effectively improve the physiological and psychological health status of underweight adolescents,with each modality offering distinct advantages. Future research should expand sample sizes,diversify intervention approaches,and incorporate factors such as sex and growth and development status to develop more targeted and comprehensive intervention programs.更多还原