【摘要】 教练员执教素养是教练员开展运动训练、赛事指导、运动员培育等工作所需的综合能力，是竞技体育发展的核心人才支撑，其发展历程深刻映射了中国体育事业从起步、探索到全面转型的演进轨迹。基于此，本研究采用文献资料法、历史研究法和专家访谈法等研究方法，系统梳理新中国成立至今教练员执教素养的发展阶段，剖析不同阶段执教素养的核心构成与内涵特征，总结其整体演进规律，提出针对性发展启示，旨在为体育强国建设背景下教练员执教素养的提升与培养体系优化提供理论支撑与实践路径。研究发现:教练员执教素养发展历程可清晰地划分为3个阶段:经验化主导期，依赖实践传承，强调政治使命与本土创新;科学化探索期，引入国际理论，推动训练科学化、系统化;人本化发展期，聚焦运动员全面发展，注重个性化与团队协同。教练员执教素养呈现四大演进特征:价值取向从工具理性转向人本理性，知识结构从经验走向多元融合，能力要求从技术训练扩展至全面赋能，执教方式由个体传承升级为系统化培育。教练员可持续发展应统筹政治引领与专业发展，平衡科技赋能与人本关怀，融合制度保障与自主创新，构建终身学习体系，兼顾民族自信与国际视野。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coaching competencies encompass the comprehensive abilities required for coaches to conduct athletic training,competition guidance,and athlete development. It serves as a core talent foundation for the advancement of competitive sports,and its development reflects the trajectory of China’s sports industry from its inception and exploration to comprehensive transformation. Using methods such as literature research,historical analysis,and expert interviews,this study systematically examines the developmental stages of coaching competencies since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,analyzes the core components and characteristics of coaching competencies in different periods,summarizes its evolutionary patterns,and proposes targeted insights. The aim is to provide theoretical support and practical pathways for enhancing coaching competencies and optimizing the training system within the context of building China into a sports powerhouse. The study identifies three distinct stages in the evolution of coaching competencies: the Experience-Dominated Stage,relying on practical inheritance,emphasizing political mission and local innovation; the Scientific Exploration Stage,introducing international theories and promoting scientific and systematic training; the Human-Centered Development Stage,focusing on the holistic development of athletes and emphasizing individualization and team collaboration. Coaching competencies exhibit four key evolutionary characteristics: a shift in value orientation from instrumental rationality to humanistic rationality; a knowledge structure transitioning from experience-based to diversified integration; an expansion of competency requirements from technical training to comprehensive empowerment;and a coaching approach evolving from individual inheritance to systematic cultivation. Sustainable development of coaching competencies should integrate political guidance with professional growth,balance technological empowerment with humanistic care,combine institutional support with independent innovation,establish lifelong learning systems,and harmonize national confidence with a global perspective.更多还原