【摘要】 为研究复合益生菌发酵食叶草饲料对绵羊瘤胃微生物区系的影响，选择24只平均体重（20.29±1.59）kg的3月龄绵羊为试验动物，随机分为3个处理组，即A组（对照组，以玉米和豆粕为基础日粮）、B组和C组（分别以5%和10%食叶草代替等量豆粕并通过复合益生菌发酵日粮），每组8只。预试期7 d，正试期90 d。试验结果表明：C组OTUs、ACE指数、Chao1指数、PD＿whole＿tree均显著高于B组5.75%、6.13%、5.94%、4.10%(P<0.001)，且B组OTUs、ACE指数、Chao1指数、PD＿whole＿tree显著高于A组25.91%、23.42%、22.44%、12.87%(P<0.001);C组、B组的Shannon指数均分别显著高于A组10.07%、7.13%(P<0.001)，以及C组Simpson指数显著高于A组1.01%(P<0.010)。3组瘤胃优势菌门均依次为拟杆菌门（相对丰度分别为51%、51%和49%）和梭菌门（相对丰度分别为29%、31%和35%），并且组间差异不显著（P > 0.05）。在属水平上，仅C组丁酸弧菌属相对丰度较A组显著增加197.16%(P<0.05)，普雷沃氏＿UCG＿001相对丰度较A组显著降低64.23%(P<0.05)。在瘤胃功能方面，3个处理组间在KEGG 3个水平上均无显著富集功能基因（P > 0.05）。可见，复合益生菌发酵食叶草混合日粮可影响瘤胃微生物区系，有助于维持胃肠道的健康。更多还原

【Abstract】 To evaluate the effects of mixed fermented feed of protein grass using compound probiotics on rumen microflora of sheep,the experiment chosen twenty-four 3 months sheep [average body(20.29±1.59)kg]as experimental animals,which were assigned to 3 groups randomly,namely group A(control,diet based on corn and soybean meal),group B and group C(fermented diet of compound probiotics by 5% and 10%protein grass instead of the same amount of soybean meal respectively). And every group had 8 sheep. The experimental period was 97 d including 7 d preliminary trial period and 90 d formal trial period. The results showed that the OTUs,ACE indexes,Chao1 indexes and PD＿whole＿tree of group C were all higher than them of group B 5.75%,6.13%,5.94%,4.10%(P < 0.001),and the OTUs,ACE indexes,Chao1 indexes and PD＿whole＿tree of group B were also higher than that of group A 25.91%,23.42%,22.44%,12.87%(P <0.001);the Shannon indexes of groups C and B were all higher than that of group A respectively 10.07%,7.13%(P < 0.001),and the Simpson indexes of group C were also higher than that of group A 1.01%(P <0.010). The predominant phylum of groups A,B and C were Bacteroidia and Clostridia(the relative abundances were 51%,51%,49% and 29%,31%,35% in turn) in rumen respectively,but their relative abundances were not significant among groups(P > 0.05). At levels of genus,only the relative abundances of Butyrivibrio in group C were increased significantly than them of group A 197.16%(P < 0.05),and the relative abundances of prevotellaceae＿UC＿001 in group C were decreased significantly than that of group A64.23%(P < 0.05). As far as rumen functions,the expression of functional genes were not enriched significantly among groups at three levels of KEGG(P > 0.05). Therefore,the mixed fermented feed of protein grass using compound probiotics affected the rumen microflora of sheep,which were very benefits to maintain healthy gastrointestinal track of sheep.更多还原