【摘要】 单边经济制裁的广泛运用对国际商事仲裁产生了诸多重大影响。单边经济制裁兼具法律和外交属性，与国家重大政策和重大利益紧密相关，正因如此，在涉单边经济制裁仲裁裁决承认和执行案件中，公共政策往往成为当事人的主要抗辩事由，也是法院审查的核心问题。从域外实践看，在对涉单边经济制裁仲裁裁决承认和执行案件的司法审查中，制裁发起国、受制裁国和第三国法院对案涉制裁或反制裁措施是否构成公共政策会有不同的考量和裁判。单边经济制裁在某些情况下可能被法院认定为公共政策，进而影响仲裁裁决的承认和执行。面对日益复杂严峻的外部环境，中国既要坚定开展反外国制裁法律斗争，也应统筹高质量发展和高水平安全，通过维护国际商事仲裁制度，营造有利的涉外法治和营商环境。在国际商事仲裁司法审查领域，中国司法机关应坚持审慎适用公共政策保留的立场，积极探索宽严适当的司法审查原则，统筹兼顾捍卫国家利益和维护国际商事仲裁制度，为中国式现代化行稳致远营造有利法治条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 The widespread use of unilateral economic sanctions has exerted complex influences on international commercial activities and the resolution of international commercial disputes. Unilateral economic sanctions possess distinct political and diplomatic characteristics, often closely tied to a state’s major policies and vital interests. Consequently, public policy has become a primary defense raised by parties in the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards involving such sanctions, as well as a key focus of judicial review. From the perspective of extraterritorial practice, courts in sanctioning countries, sanctioned countries, and third countries may adopt different considerations and rulings in the judicial review of the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards involving unilateral economic sanctions, particularly regarding whether the relevant sanctions or counter-sanction measures constitute public policy that requires their deference. Unilateral economic sanctions may, under certain circumstances, be recognized by courts as public policy, thereby affecting the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards. Facing an increasingly complex and severe external environment, China should balance high-quality development with high-level security while resolutely engaging in the legal fight against foreign sanctions, and foster a favorable foreign-related legal environment and business climate by upholding the development of the international commercial arbitration system. China’s judicial institutions should adhere to a prudent stance in applying public policy reservations in the judicial review of international commercial arbitration. By actively exploring judicial review principles that strike an appropriate balance between rigor and flexibility, China can maintain equilibrium between safeguarding national interests and upholding the international commercial arbitration system. This approach will foster a favorable legal environment to ensure the steady and enduring advancement of Chinese modernization.更多还原