【摘要】 本文从20世纪80年代以来国际农产品价格“繁荣—萧条”的周期演化出发，围绕国内支持和边境保护两个政策维度，比较考察了美国、欧盟、日本与印度在高价和低价阶段的稳价工具组合，揭示了随着国际价格由“繁荣”转向“萧条”，世界主要经济体由价格支持转向收入保障与风险管理的典型做法和政策逻辑。面对新一轮国际农产品价格大涨大跌，中国稳价政策体系仍存在规则偏弱与管理滞后、干预重叠与补贴刚性、上行易调但下行难托等局限。应借鉴国际经验教训，从完善立法与制度化规则、强化政策组合与协同、优化“绿箱”政策与市场风险管理工具等维度推进改革，提升农产品稳价机制的韧性与可持续性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Global agricultural prices have moved through boom and bust cycles since 1980s.This paper compares how the United States,the European Union,Japan,and India stabilize domestic markets during both high-price and low-price phases,focusing on two policy dimensions:domestic support and border protection.It is showed that major economies have gradually shifted away from relying mainly on price support.Instead,they increasingly emphasize income protection and broader risk-management systems that combine fiscal programs with market-based instruments.In China,the current stabilization framework still faces several structural challenges:rules are not sufficiently strong or predictable and policy responses often lag market developments;policy instruments sometimes overlap,while subsidies tend to be rigid and slow to adjust;the toolkit is also asymmetric,and it is more effective at cooling price surges than cushioning price collapses.Drawing on international experience and lessons,reforms should be proposed to strengthen legislation and rule-based mechanisms,improve policy coordination,and expand green-box measures and market-oriented risk-management tools to enhance resilience and long-term sustainability.更多还原