【摘要】 以‘南山甜桃’（低需冷量）、‘锦春’（中需冷量）、‘锦绣’（高需冷量）3个桃品种为试验材料，分析自然越冬条件下其花芽自然休眠及休眠解除过程中H₂O₂含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）等抗氧化酶活性，以及脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA₃、GA₄）、3-吲哚乙酸（IAA）、玉米素核苷（ZR）、水杨酸（SA）和茉莉酸（JA）等含量的动态变化。结果表明：H₂O₂含量在休眠诱导期至休眠期上升，‘南山甜桃’和‘锦春’在休眠解除时达到峰值，分别为1 601.44μg/g和1 171.63μg/g，‘锦绣’在休眠解除前达到峰值（1 358.55μg/g），休眠解除后均明显下降，H₂O₂含量升高可能促进花芽休眠解除。SOD活性变化趋势与H₂O₂含量变化基本一致，其活性升高可能促进H₂O₂产生；POD活性在不同需冷量桃品种间存在差异，休眠解除后，‘南山甜桃’的POD活性变化趋势与‘锦春’‘锦绣’相反；CAT活性在休眠期波动变化，休眠解除后均明显下降。‘南山甜桃’‘锦春’和‘锦绣’的GA₄含量在休眠解除后仍维持在较高水平，相较休眠解除前分别增加55.0%、39.5%和27.2%,GA₄含量升高促进花芽休眠解除；ABA含量在休眠诱导期至休眠前期上升并均达到峰值，分别为86.20 ng/g、75.97 ng/g和75.35 ng/g,ABA含量升高诱导花芽进入休眠；ZR含量在休眠解除过程中维持在较高水平，可能促进花芽休眠解除；IAA含量在休眠解除期升高，这可能是休眠解除的伴随现象而非直接调控因子；GA₃、SA和JA含量在3个桃品种间均无明显变化规律。综上，H₂O₂、SOD、GA₄、ABA和ZR通过动态变化与平衡机制，共同调控桃花芽休眠及休眠解除过程。研究可为阐明桃花芽休眠差异的调控机理提供一定的理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three peach cultivars with low,medium,and high chilling requirements,namely ‘Nanshan tiantao’,Jinchun’,and ‘Jinxiu’,were used as experimental materials. The dynamic changes of H₂O₂ content,activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT）,and content of abscisic acid（ABA）,gibberellin（GA₃,GA₄）,3-indoleacetic acid（IAA）,zeatin riboside（ZR）,salicylic acid（SA） and jasmonic acid（JA） in floral buds during natural dormancy and dormancy release under natural overwintering conditions were analyzed. The results showed that H₂O₂ content increased from the dormancy induction period to the dormancy stage.‘Nanshan tiantao’ and ‘Jinchun’ reached their peaks at dormancy release,with values of 1 601. 44 μg/g and 1 171. 63 μg/g,respectively,while ‘Jinxiu’ reached its peak（1 358. 55 μg/g） before dormancy release. H₂O₂ content decreased significantly after dormancy release,suggesting that elevated H₂O₂ content may promote floral bud dormancy release. The variation trend of SOD activity was consistent with that of H₂O₂ content,and increased SOD activity might promote H₂O₂ production. POD activity differed among peach cultivars with different chilling requirements. After dormancy release,the changing trend of POD activity in ‘Nanshang tiantao’ was opposite to that in ‘Jinchun’ and ‘Jinxiu’. CAT activity fluctuated during dormancy and decreased markedly after dormancy release. The GA₄ content of ‘Nanshan tiantao’,‘Jinchun’ and ‘Jinxiu’ remained high after dormancy release,increasing by 55. 0%,39. 5%,and 27. 2%,respectively,compared with those before dormancy release;elevated GA₄ content promoted floral bud dormancy release. ABA content increased from the dormancy induction period to the early dormancy stage,reaching successive peaks of 86. 20 ng/g,75. 97 ng/g and 75. 35 ng/g;increased ABA content induced floral buds intodormancy. ZR content stayed at a high level during dormancy release,which might facilitate floral bud dormancy release. IAA content increased at the dormancy release stage,which was likely a concomitant phenomenon rather than a direct regulatory factor. No obvious regular changes were observed in the content of GA₃,SA and JA among the three peach cultivars. In conclusion,H₂O₂,SOD,GA₄,ABA,and ZR jointly regulate the process of floral bud dormancy and dormancy release in peach via dynamic changes and balancing mechanisms. This study provides a theoretical foundation for clarifying the regulatory mechanism underlying dormancy differences in peach floral buds.更多还原