【摘要】 【目的】探究复方中草药对河豚假交替单胞菌（Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis）所致虾夷扇贝（Patinopecten yessoensis）脓疱病的防治效果，为该病绿色防控提供潜在的复方中草药解决方案。【方法】在基础饲料中添加质量分数0.5%的复方中草药，复方中草药由黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus）、大黄（Rheum officinale）、黄芩（Scutellaria baicalensis）、黄连（Coptis chinensis）按质量比4∶3∶2∶1复配而成，连续饲喂虾夷扇贝12 d。依据72 h半数致死剂量（由预实验确定），采用闭壳肌注射方式，接种0.1 mL、2.09×10~8 CFU/mL的河豚假交替单胞菌菌液，开展人工感染实验。其间从病灶分离到优势菌株A1，通过形态学、生理生化特性及16S rRNA基因序列鉴定到种，并检测该复方对虾夷扇贝存活率、肝脏组织结构，以及肝脏抗氧化酶活性与非特异性免疫指标的影响。【结果】菌株A1经鉴定，为河豚假交替单胞菌。饲喂复方中草药能显著提高感染扇贝的存活率（从32%升至88%,P<0.05），并有效缓解肝脏的组织病理损伤；同时，该复方可显著提升感染扇贝肝脏过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性（分别提升约167%和376%,P<0.05），维持感染期间白细胞数量的稳定，并差异化调控肝脏促炎因子表达，使感染扇贝肝脏肿瘤坏死因子-α水平显著上调，白细胞介素-17水平显著下调（P<0.05）。【结论】饲料中添加质量分数0.5%复方中草药，可有效防控由河豚假交替单胞菌诱发的虾夷扇贝脓疱病。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of compound Chinese herbal medicines（CCHM） on pustule disease in Yesso scallop（Patinopecten yessoensis） caused by Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, and to provide potential compound herbal schemes for the green prevention and control of this disease. 【Methods】 A CCHM composed of Astragalus membranaceus, Rheum officinale, Scutellaria baicalensis and Coptis chinensis at a mass ratio of 4∶ 3∶ 2∶ 1 was supplemented to the diet at a mass fraction of 0.5%, and P. yessoensis were fed continuously with this diet for 12 d. According to the 72 h LD₅₀ determined in pre-experiments, an artificial infection challenge test was performed via adductor muscle injection with 0.1 mL bacterial suspension of P. tetraodonis at a concentration of 2.09 × 10⁸ CFU/mL. During the experiment, a dominant bacterial strain was isolated from the lesions, identified to the species level through morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The effects of CCHM on survival rate, hepatic tissue structure, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, and non-specific immune indices were also evaluated. 【Results】 The strain A1 was identified as P. tetraodonis. Feeding with CCHM significantly increased the survival rate of infected scallops（from 32% to 88%, P < 0.05） and effectively alleviated histopathological damage in the hepatic tissues. Furthermore, CCHM significantly enhanced the activities of hepatic catalase（CAT） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）（by approximately 167% and 376%, respectively, P < 0.05）, maintained stable leukocyte counts during infection, and differentially regulated the expression of hepatic proinflammatory factors, significantly up-regulated hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） level and down-regulated interleukin-17（IL-17） level in infected scallops（P < 0.05）. 【Conclusion】 The addition of CCHM at a mass fraction of 0.5% to the feed can effectively prevent and control pustule disease in Yesso scallop（P. yessoensis） induced by P. tetraodonis.更多还原