【摘要】 随着我国人口老龄化进程的持续深化，实施延迟退休政策已成为应对人口结构转型挑战和缓解养老金支付压力的关键举措。研究围绕“何以延迟退休”的核心命题，突破既有研究多囿于个体行为动因识别或单一制度成效分析的局限，构建“行为逻辑—政策效应—制度进路”的整合性分析框架，通过对2014—2024年127篇中英文文献的系统性分析，从理论根源上揭示了个体在面对延迟退休决策时“如何”选择的复杂行为逻辑及其政策效应与未来制度进路。研究结果表明：个体延迟退休决策体现出制度激励、理性选择与情境约束的复合作用机制；其政策效应既兼具人力资本迭代、人口再生产弹性重塑与促进经济增长等正向影响，也潜藏就业结构挤压与生育抑制等外部性风险；制度推进的有效性依赖于对既有文化认知的价值重塑、养老金激励制度改革的机制赋能以及政策工具的系统性协同。未来应持续推动延迟退休制度在中国人口结构转型下的动态适应，以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the process of population aging in our country continues to deepen, implementing the policy of delayed retirement has become a crucial measure to address the challenges of population structure transformation and alleviate the pressure on pension payment.The research focuses on the core proposition of "why to delay retirement",breaking through the limitations of existing studies that mostly focus on identifying individual behavioral motivations or analyzing the effectiveness of a single system.It constructs an integrated analytical framework of "behavioral logic-policy effect-institutional approach",and through a systematic analysis of 127 Chinese and English literature from 2014 to 2024,it reveals the complex behavioral logic of individuals in making decisions regarding delayed retirement and their policy effects and future institutional approaches from the theoretical roots.The research results show that individual decisions to delay retirement reflect the combined effect mechanism of institutional incentives, rational choices, and situational constraints.Their policy effects not only have positive impacts such as human capital iteration, population reproduction elasticity reshaping, and promotion of economic growth, but also carry external risks such as employment structure compression and fertility suppression.The effectiveness of institutional promotion depends on the revaluation of existing cultural cognition, the mechanism empowerment of the pension incentive system reform, and the systematic coordination of policy tools.In the future, it is essential to continuously promote the dynamic adaptation of the delayed retirement system in the context of China’s population structure transformation, so as to support China’s modernization with high-quality population development.更多还原