【摘要】 在全球“双碳”目标背景下，甲醇作为基础化工原料和潜在清洁能源载体，其绿色低碳转型已成为行业关注焦点。通过系统梳理煤基、天然气基等传统甲醇生产工艺的技术路线、碳排放强度与经济性分析，重点分析生物质气化、生物质发酵及二氧化碳加氢等绿色甲醇路线的技术进展、经济性与环境效益。研究表明，尽管煤制甲醇仍具成本优势，但其高碳排放难以适应日趋严格的气候政策；绿色甲醇虽现阶段成本较高，但凭借负碳潜力和政策驱动，在航运、化工、储能等难减排领域展现出广阔应用前景。未来随着绿电成本下降、碳市场机制完善与技术迭代，绿色甲醇竞争力将显著提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the global "dual carbon" goals, methanol, as a fundamental chemical feedstock and a potential clean energy carrier, has seen its green and low-carbon transformation become a focal point in the industry. This study systematically reviews the technological pathways, carbon emission intensity, and economic viability of traditional methanol production processes, such as coal-based and natural gas-based methods, with a particular focus on the technological progress, economic feasibility, and environmental benefits of green methanol routes, including biomass gasification, biomass fermentation, and CO₂ hydrogenation. Research indicates that while coal-to-methanol retains cost advantages, its high carbon emissions are ill-suited to increasingly stringent climate policies. Although green methanol currently faces higher costs, its negative carbon potential and policy-driven support demonstrate broad application prospects in hard-to-abate sectors such as shipping, chemical production, and energy storage. With future reductions in green electricity costs, improvements in carbon market mechanisms, and technological advancements, the competitiveness of green methanol is expected to significantly improve.更多还原