【摘要】 印泥印油鉴别技术在司法鉴定和文件检验领域具有重要应用价值。本研究系统评述了光谱分析(FTIR-ATR、拉曼光谱)、色谱分离(UHPLC)和质谱检测(LDI-TOF MS、DART-HRMS)等主流鉴别方法的技术特点与应用效能。研究结果表明，FTIR-ATR对常见印油的鉴别准确率达92%,拉曼光谱结合深度学习算法的分类准确率可达96%,而LDI-TOF MS的鉴别准确率高达97.3%。分析发现，光谱技术适用于现场快速筛查但易受基质干扰，色谱技术擅长成分分离但耗时较长，质谱技术灵敏度优异但设备成本高昂。基于技术互补性分析，本文建议未来重点发展微型化质谱设备、多模态联用系统和标准化数据库建设，为司法鉴定实践提供更科学的方法选择依据，推动鉴别技术向精准化、智能化方向发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ink paste and ink oil identification technology holds significant application value in the fields of judicial forensics and document examination. This study systematically reviews the technical characteristics and application efficacy of mainstream identification methods such as spectroscopic analysis(FTIR-ATR, Raman spectroscopy), chromatographic separation(UHPLC), and mass spectrometry detection(LDI-TOF MS, DART-HRMS). The results indicate that FTIR-ATR achieves an identification accuracy of 92% for common ink oils, Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learning algorithms attains a classification accuracy of 96%, and LDI-TOF MS achieves an identification accuracy as high as 97.3%. Analysis reveals that spectroscopic techniques are suitable for rapid on-site screening but are susceptible to matrix interference, chromatographic techniques excel in component separation but are time-consuming, while mass spectrometry offers excellent sensitivity but requires costly equipment. Based on complementary technology analysis, this paper suggests future efforts focus on developing miniaturized mass spectrometry equipment, multimodal integrated systems, and standardized database construction. These advancements will provide more scientific methodological selection references for judicial forensics practice and drive identification technology toward precision and intelligence.更多还原