【摘要】 非法行医不仅严重扰乱了医疗卫生秩序，而且对患者的生命健康构成了极大的威胁。有毒中药既有治病救人、缓解病痛的功效，又可能直接危害患者的生命健康。非法行医者对有毒中药的误用极有可能造成患者中毒，严重损害患者利益和破坏医疗安全环境。本文通过分析2010—2024年间中国裁判文书网上的相关判决文书，发现乌头属植物和马钱子是非法行医案件中涉及最多的有毒中药，钩吻和雷公藤次之。本文详细综述了涉及几种有毒中药成分的多种鉴定方法，包括传统性状分析、显微鉴定技术、化学指纹图谱技术、DNA条形码技术等。这些方法在司法实践中具有重要意义，能够帮助准确鉴定有毒中药的种类，为案件的定罪与量刑提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Illegal medical practice not only severely disrupts the order of medical and health services but also poses a significant threat to patients’ lives and health. Poisonous medicinal plants, while having the potential to treat diseases and alleviate suffering, may also directly endanger patients’ lives and well-being. Misuse of such plants by illegal practitioners is highly likely to cause poisoning, seriously harming patients’ interests and the safety of the medical environment. By analyzing relevant judgment documents from the China Judgments Online between 2010 and 2024, this study found that Aconitum plants and Strychnos nux-vomica are the most frequently involved poisonous medicinal plants in illegal medical practice cases, followed by Gelsemium elegans and Tripterygium wilfordii. This article provides a detailed review of various identification methods for the components of these poisonous medicinal plants, including traditional morphological analysis, microscopic identification, chemical fingerprinting, and DNA barcoding. These methods are of great significance in judicial practice, as they aid in accurately identifying the types of poisonous medicinal plants and provide scientific evidence for case conviction and sentencing.更多还原