【摘要】 “下江人”的社会文化身份主要形成于全面抗战时期。在战时重庆，本地人在建构这一身份的过程中，通过区分“下江人”与自我群体，既强化了自身的地方意识，又不利于重庆社会团结。为此，1939年2月，重庆市警察局颁布了“禁呼外省人为下江人”的禁令，体现了国家权力对重庆人地方意识的战时规训。与此同时，旅渝“下江人”通过成立同乡会、抒发乡愁等方式，确立了“重庆客”的自我认同，其地方意识同样鲜明。然而，在全民抗战的背景下，“下江人”的地方意识也受到舆论批评和同乡会的内部引导，政府更以“义民”为其正名，这些因素与“下江人”的家国情怀形成合力，共同推动了其地方意识与国家观念的互动。通过举办家乡沦陷纪念与救济活动，“下江人”将个人命运融入国家叙事，在具体实践中实现了地方意识与国家观念的融合，从而加速了中国现代民族国家的建构。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Socio-cultural identity of Xiajiangren(downriver people, or migrants from the Lower Yangtze region) largely took shape during the Full-Scale War of Resistance against Japanese aggression. In wartime Chongqing, native Chongqing residents, by constructing this identity and drawing boundaries between Xiajiangren and their own group, reinforced their local consciousness while undermining social solidarity in Chongqing. In response, in February 1939, the Chongqing Municipal Police Bureau issued a ban on referring to out-of-province residents as Xiajiangren, reflecting the wartime discipline imposed by national authority on the local consciousness of Chongqing natives. Meanwhile, Xiajiangren in Chongqing forged a self-identity as Chongqingke(Chongqing sojourners) through the establishment of tongxianghui(native-place association) and expressions of nostalgia, demonstrating equally pronounced local consciousness. Amid the nationwide War of Resistance, however, the local consciousness of the Xiajiangren also drew public criticism, alongside internal regulation within their tongxianghui. Meanwhile, the government conferred upon them the designation of Yimin(righteous displaced persons) to legitimate their status. These developments, together with the Xiajiangren’s own patriotic sentiment, fostered a dynamic interplay between their local attachments and national consciousness. Through commemorations of occupied hometowns and relief activities, these migrants integrated personal fate into the national narrative, synthesizing the two in practice and thereby accelerating the construction of China’s modern nation-state.更多还原