【摘要】 【目的】筛选适合长江流域棉田叶面肥喷施方案，为叶面肥在棉花生产应用中提供理论依据。【方法】以早熟直播棉JX0010为供试品种，2023年4—5月在湖南农业大学农学院棉科所实验室开展盆栽试验、2023年5—10月在湖南省浏阳市沿溪镇湖南农业大学浏阳教学科研综合基地开展大田实验。盆栽试验设置五谷丰、辽稻优、常规叶面肥3种叶面肥及清水对照，375、750和1 125 g/hm~2 3个喷施水平，共10个处理，每个处理设置3个重复；大田试验设置五谷丰、辽稻优、常规叶面肥3种叶面肥及清水对照，750 g/hm~2、1 125 g/hm~2 2个喷施水平，共7个处理，每个处理设置3个重复。分析不同处理对棉花光合特性、抗氧化酶活性、干物质积累与分布、SPAD值、产量和纤维品质等的影响。【结果】在盆栽试验中随着喷施水平的增加，植株干物质积累显著增加，B3（辽稻优，1 125 g/hm~2）处理的单株干物质积累高于T3（五谷丰，1 125 g/hm~2）处理。SPAD值中B3处理效果最佳。净光合速率和蒸腾速率随着喷施水平的增加而增加，B3处理与对照达到显著差异，气孔导度在T2（五谷丰，750 g/hm~2）处理下达到最大值，B3处理次之。过氧化物酶、过氧化氢和超氧化物歧化酶含量随着喷施水平增加呈递增趋势，且均在B3处理下达到最大值；在大田试验中随着生育时期的推进，各处理组棉花生殖器官干物质逐渐增加。在盛蕾期和盛铃期，L2（辽稻优，1 125 g/hm~2）处理的生殖器官干物质质量最大，较对照显著提升了57.88%和27.73%。SPAD值在盛花和盛铃期中L2处理的SPAD值最大。叶面肥喷施处理显著提高了棉花产量，其中L2处理的产量最高较其他处理显著增幅6.68%～35.05%。喷施叶面肥处理在一定程度上对棉花纤维上半部平均长度整齐度指数有影响，但是影响并不大。【结论】1 125 g/hm~2水平的辽稻优叶面肥是棉花最佳喷施方案，其能显著的提高棉花叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、SPAD值、抗氧化酶活性，提高棉株干物质积累，在一定程度上提高棉花产量和纤维品质。为长江流域棉区棉花提质增效和棉农生产提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 This study aims to screen suitable foliar fertilizer spraying schemes for cotton fields in the Yangtze River Basin, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the application of foliar fertilizers in cotton production. 【Method】 The early-maturing direct-seeded cotton variety JX0010 was used as the test material. A pot experiment was conducted from April to May 2023 in the laboratory of the Cotton Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, and a field experiment was carried out from May to October 2023 at the Liuyang Teaching and Research Comprehensive Base of Hunan Agricultural University, Yanxi Town, Liuyang City, Hunan Province. The pot experiment included three foliar fertilizer types(Wugufeng, Liaodaoyou, and conventional foliar fertilizer) and a water control, with three spraying levels(375, 750, and 1 125 g/hm~2), resulting in 10 treatments, each with three replicates. The field experiment included three foliar fertilizer types(Wugufeng, Liaodaoyou, and conventional foliar fertilizer) and a water control, with two spraying levels(750 and 1 125 g/hm~2), resulting in seven treatments, each with three replicates. The effects of different treatments on cotton photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities, dry matter accumulation and distribution, SPAD value, yield, and fiber quality were analyzed. 【Result】 In the pot experiment, plant dry matter accumulation increased significantly with increasing spraying levels. The dry matter accumulation per plant under treatment B3(Liaodaoyou, 1 125 g/hm~2) was higher than that under treatment T3(Wugufeng, 1 125 g/hm~2). Treatment B3 achieved the highest SPAD value. Net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate increased with increasing spraying levels, with treatment B3 showing a significant difference compared with the control. Stomatal conductance reached its maximum under treatment T2(Wugufeng, 750 g/hm~2), followed by treatment B3. The activities of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase showed an increasing trend with increasing spraying levels, all reaching their maximum under treatment B3. In the field experiment, the dry matter of cotton reproductive organs increased gradually with the advancement of the growth period. At the peak squaring and peak boll stages, treatment L2(Liaodaoyou, 1 125 g/hm~2) exhibited the highest reproductive organ dry matter mass, which was significantly increased by 57.88% and 27.73%, respectively, compared with the control. The SPAD value was highest under treatment L2 at both the peak flowering and peak boll stages. Foliar fertilizer spraying significantly increased cotton yield, with treatment L2 achieving the highest yield, representing a significant increase of 6.68%-35.05% compared with other treatments. Foliar fertilizer spraying had a certain but limited effect on the fiber length uniformity index of the upper half of cotton fibers. 【Conclusion】 The application of Liaodaoyou foliar fertilizer at a rate of 1 125 g/hm~2 is the optimal spraying scheme for cotton. This treatment significantly enhances the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, SPAD value, and antioxidant enzyme activities of cotton leaves, increases dry matter accumulation, and improves cotton yield and fiber quality to a certain extent. These findings provide a theoretical basis for improving cotton quality and efficiency and for guiding cotton producers in the Yangtze River Basin cotton region.更多还原