【摘要】 土壤种子库是植物种群生活史的关键环节,在维持物种多样性、促进植被更新和驱动生态系统演替中扮演着不可替代的角色。本文系统综述了土壤种子库的研究方法和时空动态特征,分析了不同退化生态系统下土壤种子库恢复潜力与局限。结果表明,土壤种子库具有显著的时空异质性和季节动态,其与地上植被的物种相似性普遍较低,尤其在退化生态系统中,目标植物种子库的缺乏常成为自然恢复的主要限制因子。全球变化(如氮沉降、气候变化)和人类活动(如放牧、围封、耕作)深刻影响着土壤种子库的组成、密度和持久性。研究结果表明,单纯依赖土壤种子库的自然恢复潜力有限,需结合人工补播、生境改良等主动干预措施,建立“评估-干预”协同模式,以科学指导退化生态系统修复。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a key component of the life history of plant populations, soil seed banks play an irreplaceable role in maintaining species diversity, promoting vegetation regeneration, and driving ecosystem succession.This paper systematically reviews the research methods and spatio-temporal dynamic characteristics of soil seed banks, and analyzes the restoration potential and limitations of soil seed banks in different types of degraded ecosystems. Results: Studies have shown that soil seed banks exhibit significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity and seasonal dynamics, and generally have low species similarity with aboveground vegetation. Especially in degraded ecosystems, the deficiency of seed banks of target plant species is often the main limiting factor for natural restoration. Global changes(e.g., nitrogen deposition, climate change) and human activities(e.g., grazing, enclosure, tillage) exert profound impacts on the composition, density, and persistence of soil seed banks. The natural restoration potential relying solely on soil seed banks is limited. It is necessary to combine active intervention measures such as artificial reseeding and habitat improvement, and establish a collaborative "assessment-intervention" model to scientifically guide the restoration of degraded ecosystems.更多还原