【摘要】 新中国成立以来,我国民族地区大学招生倾斜政策经历了从“整体优惠”到“精准差别化支持”的变迁。深入剖析这一变迁历程,可为完善大学招生政策、推进民族地区高等教育高质量发展提供重要借鉴。本研究以1949—2025年242份政策文本为分析对象,运用历史制度主义分析框架,对这一变迁历程进行了分析。研究发现,我国民族地区大学招生倾斜政策演进呈现出“变”与“不变”的内在结构性关系。“变”体现为政策由政府主导渐进调适,从单一民族因素转向综合考量区域、个体等多重因素;通过专项计划、规范加分等举措提升精准性;关键历史节点推动政策在延续中创新。“不变”表现为政策始终坚持以党的领导为制度保障,以实现实质教育公平为内在追求,以缩小教育发展差距为实践取向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the preferential admission policy for universities in ethnic regions has undergone a historical evolution from overall benefit to precise differentiated support.An in-depth analysis of this transition can provide important references for improving university admission policy and promoting the high-quality development of higher education in ethnic regions.Taking 242 policy documents from 1949 to 2025 as object,this study employs the framework of historical institutionalism to examine this evolutionary process,finding that the evolution exhibits an inherent structural relationship between change and continuity.The change is reflected in the gradual adjustment of policy led by the government shifting from single focus on ethnic factors to comprehensive consideration of multiple factors such as region and individual,enhancing precision through special programs and standardized bonus point measures,and key historical junctures promoting innovation while maintaining continuity.The continuity is manifested that the policy always regards the leadership of the Communist Party of China as institutional guarantee, achieving substantive educational equity as intrinsic pursuit,and narrowing educational development gap as practical orientation.更多还原