【摘要】 物理模型作为堤坝管涌渗漏探测方法研究的重要工具，对于揭示堤坝渗漏机理、研发渗漏探测技术具有重要意义。在综述堤坝管涌渗漏物理模型试验研究现状与进展的基础上，设计了基于红外热成像的均质土坝渗漏探测室外模型方案；以华东地区黏土作为筑坝材料，通过预设食用盐、海绵、细砂等3种不同填充物的渗漏通道，模拟不同模式下的集中渗漏现象；根据红外与可见光成像结果，对比分析了不同模式下的渗漏区域发展态势及形态特征。试验结果表明：不同填充料对渗漏出水时间、出露点特征有显著影响；食用盐填充的通道出渗时间最短，出露点沿重力垂向发展；海绵填充的通道出渗稳定，出露点呈现圆形渐进式扩张；细砂填充的通道出渗速度最慢，出露点呈细条状发展。提出的均质土坝模型方案能够有效模拟渗漏区域特征，可为堤坝管涌渗漏红外探测的应用研究提供试验平台，为类似渗漏模型研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Physical models serve as a vital tool in the research of dam piping leakage detection methods, playing a crucial role in revealing dam leakage mechanisms and advancing leakage detection technologies.This paper comprehensively reviews and analyzes the current research status and progress in physical model experiments for dam piping leakage, and proposes an outdoor model design for homogeneous earth dam leakage detection based on infrared thermal imaging.Using clay from East China as the dam construction material, three different fillers—edible salt, sponge, and fine sand—were pre-embedded to simulate leakage channels, thereby investigating concentrated leakage phenomena under various leakage modes.The experimental results show that different fillers significantly influence the onset time of leakage and the characteristics of seepage points.Specifically, channels filled with edible salt exhibited the shortest leakage onset time, with seepage points developing vertically along the direction of gravity; channels filled with sponge demonstrated stable leakage, with seepage points showing a gradual circular expansion trend; while channels filled with fine sand exhibited the slowest leakage rate, with seepage points remaining relatively confined in a narrow, strip-like pattern.The devised homogeneous earth dam model scheme can effectively simulate the characteristics of leakage areas, providing a valuable experimental platform for applied research on infrared thermography in dam leakage detection and offering insights and references for similar model studies.更多还原