【摘要】 为应对电动汽车与便携电子设备对储能系统高能量密度的要求，亟需开发新型锂离子电池负极材料。氧化亚硅（SiO_x,0<x<2）凭借较高的理论比容量和引入氧元素带来的结构稳定性，被视为极具潜力的高容量负极材料。然而，SiO_x实际应用仍受限于体积变化大（160%～200%）、初始库仑效率低及电导率较低等问题。本文系统综述了SiO_x的结构模型、储锂机制及其改性策略，包括纳米结构设计、复合材料设计及预锂化技术等。这些方法有效缓解了氧化亚硅的体积膨胀，提升了其导电性与界面稳定性，并显著提高了其初始库仑效率。未来应致力于开发简单、可扩展、环境友好的制备工艺，追求高容量、高初始库仑效率的同时，综合考虑整体电化学性能，以促进SiO_x作为负极材料在高效储能系统中的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 To address the urgent demand for high-energy-density of energy storage systems in electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, it is urgent to develop novel lithium-ion battery anode materials. Silicon suboxide(SiO_x, 0<x<2), with its high theoretical specific capacity and structural stability brought by the incorporation of oxygen, is regarded as a highly promising high capacity anode material. However, the practical application of SiO_x still faces challenges such as large volume variation(160%～200%), low initial Coulombic efficiency, and poor electrical conductivity. This paper systematically reviews the structural models, lithium storage mechanisms, and modification strategies for SiO_x, including nanostructure design, composite material design, and prelithiation techniques. These approaches effectively alleviate the volume expansion of SiO_x, improve its conductivity and interfacial stability, and significantly enhance its initial Coulombic efficiency. Future efforts should focus on developing simple, scalable, and environmentally friendly preparation processes, aiming for high capacity and high initial Coulombic efficiency while comprehensively considering overall electrochemical performance, thereby promoting the practical application of SiO_x as anode material in high-efficiency energy storage systems.更多还原