【摘要】 目的 研制水体总α总β放射性活度浓度自动测量系统，用于环境水体快速自动监测。方法 基于厚源法原理，采用微波蒸发浓缩-灰化技术替代传统电热板加热方式，设计研磨仪和铺样器，通过机械臂进行操作，实现自动化前处理、制样和测量。结果 加标回收实验表明，总α回收率为95.7%～102.5%，总β放射性活度测量回收率为97.2%～108.1%。总α相对标准偏差为4.1%～7.8%，总β相对标准偏差为5.9%～7.7%。与实验室人工测量方法对比，总α放射性指标的平均相对误差为2.17%～6.25%，总β放射性指标的平均相对误差为4.17%～6.90%；样品制备时间由传统方法的平均72 h缩短至5 h以内，效率提升90%以上。结论 该总α总β自动测量系统能够快速、准确地实现自动监测，适用于环境水体的在线监测，可为环保部门和水利部门提供及时的水体放射性指标数据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To develop an automated system for the determination of gross α and gross β activity concentrations in water, and to support the rapid and automated monitoring of environmental water bodies. Methods Based on the thick source method, microwave evaporation-ashing was used to replace conventional electric hotplate heating. A grinder and a sample-spreading device were designed and operated via a robotic arm, achieving fully automated pretreatment, sample preparation, and measurement. Results Spike recovery tests demonstrated that the recovery rates were 95.7%-102.5% for gross α and 97.2%-108.1% for gross β. The relative standard deviations were 4.1%-7.8% for gross α and 5.9%-7.7% for gross β. Compared with manual laboratory methods, the average relative errors were 2.17%-6.25% for gross α and 4.17%-6.90% for gross β. The sample preparation time was reduced from an average of 72 hours to less than 5 hours, representing an efficiency improvement of over 90%. Conclusion The developed system enables rapid, accurate, and fully automated monitoring of gross α/β radioactivity, making it suitable for online monitoring of environmental water bodies. It can provide timely data on the radiological indicators of water bodies for environmental protection and water resource management authorities.更多还原