【摘要】 蒸汽在多级汽轮机级内进行能量转换过程中，由于动静之间存在间隙，部分蒸汽不流经做功的通流部分，产生漏汽损失，导致汽轮机效率下降。同时，在汽轮机级结构参数和热力参数变化时，漏汽损失大小会发生变化，从而导致汽轮机的做功能力发生变化。以某300MW反动式汽轮机高中压缸某动叶为例，计算了动叶结构参数和热力参数变化时，漏汽损失的大小，对比分析了汽轮机在不同运行方式下变工况时漏汽损失大小随级的结构参数和热力参数的变化规律。计算结果表明：滑压运行方式下级漏汽损失占比级内总损失比定压运行时大，每增加1个汽封齿，级效率增加0.2%左右，径向间隙每增加0.1mm,级效率下降0.2%左右。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the energy conversion process of steam within the stages of a multi-stage steam turbine, as a result of the clearance existing between the moving and stationary components, a portion of the steam fails to flow through the power-generating flow path, giving rise to steam leakage loss and thereby leading to a decline in the turbine’s efficiency. Furthermore, when the structural and thermal parameters of the turbine stage undergo changes under different operating conditions, the magnitude of the steam leakage loss fluctuates, consequently causing variations in the turbine’s power generation capacity. This paper takes the moving blades of the high and intermediate pressure cylinders of a 300MW steam turbine with a reverse reaction type as an example, computes the magnitude of the steam leakage loss when the structural and thermal parameters of the moving blades change, and conducts a comparative analysis of the variation law of the steam leakage loss in accordance with the structural and thermal parameters of the stage under different operating modes of the turbine. The calculation results demonstrate that the proportion of stage steam leakage loss to the total stage loss under sliding pressure operation undergoes more significant changes than under constant pressure operation. For each additional diaphragm steam seal tooth, the stage efficiency increases by approximately 0.2%, and for each 0.1mm increase in the radial clearance, the stage efficiency decreases by approximately 0.2%.更多还原