【摘要】 20世纪60年代中期以来，德国秉持合作型欧洲安全秩序观，主张欧洲的安全只能与俄罗斯一道实现，而非对抗俄罗斯。直至俄乌冲突爆发，德国才将俄罗斯定位为最大安全威胁，并转向以防御和威慑为主的对抗型欧洲安全秩序观。德国基于自身体量、地理位置和经济实力，意欲成为欧洲安全保障者，并着手建设欧洲常规力量最强的军队。德国安全与防务政策的“时代转折”将给欧洲及跨大西洋关系带来深远影响。由于德国对欧洲安全保障奉行双轨并行策略，即一方面大力发展欧洲独立防务，另一方面尽力维系美国的参与，且前者在一定程度上服务于后者，这意味着，欧盟的战略自主注定是渐进的，欧洲要实现真正的战略自主任重道远。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the mid-1960s,Germany has adhered to a cooperative vision of European security order,advocating that it is impossible to achieve security without the participation of Russia. It was not until the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict that Germany began to regard Russia as its primary security threat and shifted toward a confrontational vision of European security order centered on defense and deterrence. Founded on its size,geographic location and economic strength,Germany aspires to act as a guarantor of European security and is building the most powerful conventional military force in Europe. Germany’s Zeitenwende(“epochal turning point”) in its security and defense policy will have far-reaching impacts on both Europe and transatlantic relations. To date,Germany has been pursuing a dual-track strategy for European security. On one hand,it vigorously advances Europe’s independent defense capabilities,while on the other,it strives to maintain US engagement.This indicates that the EU’s pursuit of strategic autonomy will be a gradual process. In other words,Europe still has a long way to go to achieve genuine strategic autonomy.更多还原